Resolved: It is likely that China has violated the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

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Resolved: It is likely that China has violated the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

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The debate is finished. The distribution of the voting points and the winner are presented below.

Winner & statistics

Better arguments

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After 2 votes and with 14 points ahead, the winner is...

Bones

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Politics

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Publication date: 07.19.2021 02:32AM
Last updated date: 09.08.2021 05:10AM
Type: Standard
Number of rounds: 3
Time for argument: One week
Max argument characters: 8,000
Voting period: One month
Point system: Multiple criterions
Voting system: Open

Contender / Con

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Description

Resolved: It is likely that China has violated the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in the past.

Burden of proof is shared.

1. No new arguments are to be made in the final round.
2. Definitions are agreed upon and are not to be contested.
3. Rules are agreed upon and are not to be contested.
4. Sources can be hyperlinked or provided in the comment section.
5. A breach of rules 1-4 should result in a 1 point penalty.
6. No Kritiks.
7. A breach of rules 6-7 should result in an instant loss.

Round 1

According to a US congressional report in 2005, up to 95% of organ transplants in China are sourced from prisoners. However, China does not perform enough legal executions to account for the large number of transplants that are performed, and voluntary donations are exceedingly rare (only 130 people registered as voluntary organ donors nationwide from 2003 to 2009.

07.19.2021 03:47AM

Pro

Resolved: It is likely that China has violated the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

Preliminary I: What is the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

The following articles will be relevant to this debate.

Article 2:

Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status. Furthermore, no distinction shall be made on the basis of the political, jurisdictional or international status of the country or territory to which a person belongs, whether it be independent, trust, non-self-governing or under any other limitation of sovereignty.

Article 3

Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person.

Article 5

No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.

Article 9

No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest, detention or exile.

Contention I: Forced organ harvesting

I.I Deductive Syllogism

p1 : If China harvests the organs of minorities, this is a violation of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

p2 : China harvests the organs of minorities.

c :China has violated the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

p1: P --> Q

p2: P

c: ∴ Q

from P1 and P2, Modus Ponens.

I.I.1 p1 If China harvests the organs of minorities, this is a violation of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

The organ harvesting of political opponents cannot be squared with articles III, V and IX. If it is proven that China harvests the organs of minorities, this will be a direct violation of of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

I.II p2 China harvests the organs of minorities.

I.II.1 Professional testimony

In June 2019 the China Tribunal, an independent judicial investigation into forced organ transplantation in China released its final judgement. The Tribunal’s conclusion, based on an extensive array of evidence and testimony provided by more than 50 witnesses, found that crimes against humanity had been committed against China’s Uyghur Muslim and Falun Gong populations

- The China Tribunal

The conclusion shows that very many people have died indescribably hideous deaths for no reason

- Sir Geoffrey Nice, Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia who led the prosecution of Serbia's former president Slobodan Milosevic.

the United Nations (UN) Human Rights Council, [states]: “Commission of crimes against humanity against Falun Gong and Uyghurs [has] been proved beyond reasonable doubt. Victim for victim and death for death, cutting out the hearts and other organs from living, blameless, harmless, peaceable people constitutes one of the worst mass atrocities of this century.

- The Human Rights Council

Many practitioners have reported that, while they were in China’s extensive network of detention centres and forced labour camps, they were tortured. Evidence indicates that Falun Gong practitioners, Uyghur Muslims, Tibetans and other prisoners have been further subject to forced live organ harvesting.

- Health Europa Quarterly

[UN human rights] experts said they have received credible information that detainees from ethnic, linguistic or religious minorities may be forcibly subjected to blood tests and organ examinations such as ultrasound and x-rays, without their informed consent; while other prisoners are not required to undergo such examinations. The results of the examinations are reportedly registered in a database of living organ sources that facilitates organ allocation.

- United Nations Human Rights Office of the High Commissioners

I.II.2 Discrepancy in known sources of organs

The number of individuals sentenced to death and executed was far fewer than the number of transplants. As China does not have an organized system for organ matching, this raises questions about where organs are being sourced. Furthermore, many death row inmates have health conditions such as hepatitis B that would frequently disqualify them as organ donors. This suggests the existence of a secondary source for organs.

In a statement before the U.S. House of Representatives, Dr Damon Noto M.D stated that "the prisoners sentenced to death cannot fully account for all the transplantations that are taking place in China … Even if they executed 10,000 and transplanted 10,000 a year, there would still be a very large discrepancy. Why is that? It is simply impossible that those 10,000 people executed would match perfectly the 10,000 people that needed the organs."

I.II.3 Discrimination of Falun Gong practitioners

Falun Gong, which means “law wheel practice” in Chinese, is a set of meditation exercises and texts that preach the virtues of truth, benevolence and forbearance. Falun Gong combines meditation and qigong exercises with a moral philosophy. The practice emphasizes morality and the cultivation of virtue, and identifies as a practice of the Buddhist school, though its teachings also incorporate elements drawn from Taoist traditions.

Former Chinese prisoners have also reported that Falun Gong practitioners consistently received the "longest sentences and worst treatment" in the camps, and that they are singled out for torture and abuse. [1][2]. In 2008, the U.S. Department of State cited estimates that half of China's official labour camp population of 250,000 were Falun Gong practitioners [3][4]. Moreover, the United Nations Special Rapporteur allege that 66 percent of Chinese victims who have likely faced torture were members of Falun Gong.

I.III c China has violated the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

If premises 1&2 are true, the conclusion follows. As I have presented cumbersome evidence in support of these two premises, the conclusion holds. China has violated the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

07.26.2021 03:47AM

Con

Forfeited

Round 2

07.26.2021 05:03AM

Pro

In an effort to keep this fair, I'll waive this round. Hopefully my opponent is up for round 3. Here's a bunny for you.

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08.02.2021 05:03AM

Con

Forfeited

Round 3

08.02.2021 05:10AM

Pro

Oh well. Yk what this means.

08.09.2021 05:10AM

Con

Forfeited

drlebronski

08.18.2021 08:51PM

#11

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@Intelligence_06

in other words yes i was saying that ironically

drlebronski

08.18.2021 08:16PM

#10

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@Intelligence_06

im aware of that i was just highlighting theunderdogs logic

08.18.2021 11:26AM

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@Bones

Sadly, there is probably no way that Con can win if the BoP is equivalent. The most one can probably go on is that those aren't solid evidences.

08.18.2021 10:58AM

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@Intelligence_06

Haha, be hopeful, maybe I'll instigate this debate and someone will absolutely deconstruct my arguments....

08.18.2021 10:32AM

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@Bones

https://i.kym-cdn.com/entries/icons/medium/000/031/671/cover1.jpg
>mfw I see your solid evidence

08.18.2021 10:30AM

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@drlebronski

You don't understand communism if you say that unironically. Actual ideal communism doesn't require censorship. Censorship comes as a side effect of people not being fit enough to fully use communism or something.

drlebronski

08.18.2021 12:04AM

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@TheUnderdog

communism=censorship

08.03.2021 11:26PM

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@TheUnderdog

Well, our textbook is literally saying that such conduct is against the constitution so theoretically, even if they do so, they are doing it wrong.

What is correct is correct. What isn’t correct isn’t correct. Massive proofs are needed to prove that China didn’t violate human rights.

So far, evidence points at the Pro side of the debate, and that violating human rights is as wrong to the law as censoring people from saying so.

TheUnderdog

08.03.2021 07:59PM

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@Intelligence_06

If your living in China, you better watch out; communist government would jail you for speaking out against the Chinese state. I'm not saying this to censor you; I'm saying it so you don't get into trouble by the communist government.

07.26.2021 02:07AM

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@QuinnTheProgressiveCowboy

You intend on making a case?