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@Fruit_Inspector
So if the purpose of vaccine mandates is only to reduce the risk and harm of disease, and vaccines lose efficacy over time and with each new variant, should boosters and new vaccines to deal with variants also be mandatory?
I am fine with employer vaccine mandates, including govt. mandates for govt. employees. I don't think govts. should be requiring employers to mandate or enforce, generally. I don't really think of vaccines as more intrusive than say, govt. mandates for restaurant employees to wash their hands after pooping. I've never had a problem with those rules but the feds are not spending a lot of resources monitoring hand-washing. I am skeptical that there's much utility to fed enforcement that goes against local sentiment. If anything, Federal enforcement in the context of the current zeitgeist seems to result in more resistance, fewer vaccinated.
That's why I'm looking to see what people see as back to normal, and how vaccine mandates will help achieve that. Many people seem to think that the virus will just go away as soon as the U.S. is fully vaccinated because that's what the government is saying. I think that's false, but I'm interested to hear the justification for this.
I think its a mistake to advertise or hope for a return to normal- that there's some point in the past that's preferable to what we have now. That may be a core tenant of conservatism but its not something I've ever much bought into.
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@Fruit_Inspector
So is the purpose of vaccine mandates to eradicate SARS-CoV-2 from the human population?
I think SARS-CoV-2 is now officially endemic in human populations. Which means that experts no longer hold out any hope of eradication from the human population given present technology.
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@Fruit_Inspector
Obviously, the goal of vaccine mandates is to get everyone vaccinated.
Nope. There are many circumstances in which vaccination is not recommended or appropriate.
My question is, for what purpose?
To reduce the risk and harm of disease.
What is the end goal?
The reduction of risk and harm.
I am speaking in the context of a national level. Let's say we get 100% vaccination rate in the U.S. How does that get us "back to normal" again?
"back to normal" probably needs to be be defined to give a good answer. There are many aspects of society that were permanently impacted. For example, the 20 year trends towards working from home and online purchasing were accelerated with no real expectation of a return to baseline.
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How would we distinguish Secret HItler from Greyparrot, though?
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sure. I'm pretty busy right now but I'm willing to join most games
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@Mharman
Also, why is every 'I' lowercase?
to demonstrate the absence of ego
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@thett3
->@oromagiI can tell you, right hand to God, that one of my friends whose fiancé is a history teacher told me that she tries to “radicalize her kids” with the message that “blacks good, whites bad.” That was the moment I decided to either homeschool or Catholic school.
OK, well- that's obviously totally unverifiable anecdote but if you're asking me whether I might condemn teaching "blacks good, white bad" I think I can safely say yes. But that is not CRT. My argument is we should stop calling something like this CRT since even Derrick Bell would condemn such a lesson in school.
I simply don’t know what goes on in schools—I haven’t set foot in a public school since I graduated high school. But the little information that does trickle down to me doesn’t leave me with a good impression. Can I believe there are lots of teachers trying to turn their students “woke” absolutely yes
My niece and nephew are going to school in about as Left-leaning a school district as one could invent- better than 95% support for Biden in 2020, the training focus is on International studies, the majority of the students are ESL. Their mom is the head of the PTA so I am often dragged to various school meetings and functions and have some sense of the culture there which is nothing at all like "blacks good, whites bad" I was shocked that they didn't even teach kids that George Washington had slaves. Teachers just thought that was too difficult a paradox for elementary school. Most of the teachers showed up for the Women's March but they were professionally shy about talking politics to kids there. They do celebrate Indigenous peoples day rather than Columbus Day which I don't agree with but I wouldn't call that out of sync with the political zeitgeist. They do celebrate MLK day but not that much about the Civil Rights movement or slavery or lynchings, etc. There was one prominent member of the school board who was fairly radicalized- at 22 years old, the youngest person ever elected to that school board, who participated in BLM marches after Floyd and got on the news a fair amount with sound bites about system racism in our public school- but he was never very popular and he flashed out pretty quickly- resigned in disgrace after two years. If you wanted to, you could make a case that here was a school board member with a radical agenda and that the mere presence of such radicalism must mean that our children are getting taught some crazy shit but that's not so. HIs most successful proposal was to put one gender neutral bathroom in each school but most of his proposals were rejected out of hand by a very liberal school board.
My last city councilwoman followed a similar trajectory- she got elected on some pretty radical speeches but as soon as this very black, very Left neighborhood saw how her radical notions reacted with local businesses, she was voted out.
My experience is that democracy still works in very Left-leaning public schools, Trump voting parents may be rare but they are certainly still welcomed in public schools and their kids are given a good education that does not seem to contradict their parent's ideology at all.
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@thett3
-->@oromagiI said I'd agree that some racism gets taught in public schools even before knowing the facts. That's different from your statement that many schools are engaging in racism. Let's be sure to note that you are remarkably unwilling to produce the facts in spite of numerous requests from Double.There's no reason to take that tone with me when I've been polite with you,
What tone? I detect no impolitese in my reply to you. You mischaracterized my speech and I pointed out your mistake.
a) Is it plausible that teachers, among the most liberal occupations in the country, have changed their teaching methods and subject matter in a way that I and the majority of people would find to be negative, concurrent with the "great awokening" and the current racial obsession in our country? I think that's certainly plausible.
I suppose anything is plausible. My argument is that your thesis is unsubstantiated by the facts. You've got to define some of these terms in a concrete way before you're going to get any agreement on my part. I consider our country less obsessed with race than ever before. I don't know what "great awokening" means but it sounds like a lot of FOX News claptrap.
b) When you see parents revolting nationwide, including in very liberal states and among communities that place a very high value on education, is it plausible to assume that they are reacting to something other than Fox News broadcasts? I think yes.
No. Because if people were just reacting to anti-white racism they would be calling it anti-white racism. Calling it CRT is a Tucker Carlson invention and google analytics quite precisely documents the misuse of that label as dating from Tucker's show. If people are complaining about CRT in public schools it is because Tucker Carlson created that term for them precisely because nobody knew what it meant. It is not true that CRT was in the American conversation and Republicans reacted to its increased popularity. Tucker used the term as euphemism for anti-racism education generally and FOX News viewers willingly parroted that usage.
Fox News' mislabeling of anti-white racism as CRT is not only deliberately misinforming the public, it is being used as the basis for censorship in 9 states. As a Liberal, I generally oppose wholesale censorship of any topic in school but wholesale censorship of the WRONG topic seems like intolerably fucked big government mismanagement and wholesale censorship of the wrong topic based exclusively on the lies of one TV personality represents some terrifying anti-American, anti-Democracy obedience to authority. When Republicans talk about CRT as if it describes anti-white racist propaganda they reveal the carrier code associated with their misinformation. Before Sept 2020, CRT was an almost unheard-of 50 year conversation within the rarified ranks of Black legal scholarship. Once Tucker Carlson started calling any race-based teaching he didn't like CRT, the entire Republican party followed like lemmings- Trump was tweeting about CRT 4 days later, State legislatures were passing laws within weeks of Tucker's lie.Hold on a second--you say that banning Critical Race Theory from being taught in middle and high schools is unamerican, dangerous censorship, but you also say: "Before Sept 2020, CRT was an almost unheard-of 50 year conversation within the rarified ranks of Black legal scholarship." So if it's not being and never has been taught, why is it so outrageous to demand that it isn't taught?
You are arguing that it is fine to censor Free Speech so long as that speech is unpopular? On what principles do you rely to uphold that argument?
Here is the definition of Critical Race Theory according to encyclopedia brittanica:"critical race theory (CRT), intellectual and social movement and loosely organized framework of legal analysis based on the premise that race is not a natural, biologically grounded feature of physically distinct subgroups of human beings but a socially constructed (culturally invented) category that is used to oppress and exploit people of colour. Critical race theorists hold that racism is inherent in the law and legal institutions of the United States insofar as they function to create and maintain social, economic, and political inequalities between whites and nonwhites, especially African Americans. Critical race theorists are generally dedicated to applying their understanding of the institutional or structural nature of racism to the concrete (if distant) goal of eliminating all race-based and other unjust hierarchies." https://www.britannica.com/topic/critical-race-theoryI don't think this is an appropriate thing to be teaching at public high schools, so if teachers were trying to teach this I can see why parents would be angry. I would completely disagree with almost everything there and I know that I could make strong arguments against these concepts. Schools should generally avoid teaching things that aren't settled facts without presenting both sides. It's incredibly easy to see how this could drive conflict and negative feelings among teenagers. Just toxic stuff
Brittanica calls CRT a framework of legal anaysis (my point concisely) and you still complain that teachers are teaching that legal analysis in K-12. Are high schools really doing any kind of academic legal analysis at all?
That said, I don't know how one honestly teaches teenagers the history of American racism without creating negative feelings. I think negative feelings are the correct response to lessons about the history of American racism. I strongly believe that we ought not to distort the truth or censor particular philosophies based on the fear of feelings they might provoke.
As far as Republicans being lemmings...you can think that, I guess. But isn't it a little weird that this issue popped up at all? I mean, it's pretty random for a nationwide grassroots movement to appear in opposition to what was "Before Sept 2020, [ ] an almost unheard-of 50 year conversation within the rarified ranks of Black legal scholarship."
Do I think it is weird and random that FOX News invents some loosely defined anti-black euphemism for Republicans 50 days before a National election? No- I call that the Republican Party platform since 1968. Ronald Reagan's campaign manager explained it best (in terms that he never expected be made public).
Atwater: Y'all don't quote me on this. You start out in 1954 by saying, "Nigger, nigger, nigger". By 1968 you can't say "nigger"—that hurts you. Backfires. So you say stuff like forced busing, states' rights and all that stuff. You're getting so abstract now [that] you're talking about cutting taxes, and all these things you're talking about are totally economic things and a byproduct of them is [that] blacks get hurt worse than whites. And subconsciously maybe that is part of it. I'm not saying that. But I'm saying that if it is getting that abstract, and that coded, that we are doing away with the racial problem one way or the other. You follow me—because obviously sitting around saying, "We want to cut this", is much more abstract than even the busing thing, and a hell of a lot more abstract than "Nigger, nigger". So, any way you look at it, race is coming on the back-burner.
Roger Ailes was Atwater's right hand man and Reagan's media head at the time of this campaign. When Roger Ailes founded FOX News right after Ailes and Atwater got Bush Sr elected, it was to create a "nigger, nigger, nigger" machine for the Right Wing and that is precisely what FOX did. As pointed in the Ailes-Nixon memo first envisioning a Right WIng TV Network in 1970 "People are lazy. With television you just sit—watch—listen. The thinking is done for you." FOX News was designed to do the thinking for Republicans and it now works so well that Tucker can just say CRT and the President is projecting the latest code for "nigger, nigger, nigger" within days.
Do the fat cats leading the Republican party just pick a random scary sounding term out of a hat and tell Fox News rally the troops?
More the other way around but yes. It is called the daily memo and it is issued by John Moody each morning after consultation with GOP leaders (or mostly just Trump for the last few years). The daily memo has been deciding what Republicans are freaking about today for more than 20 years.
If they had that kind of power you'd think they would use it more often instead of being so impotent all the time.
Yeah, like attacking the US Capitol with impunity or tricking people into being afraid of life-saving vaccinations.
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@thett3
-->@oromagiIf you and Fruit are trying to argue that some anti-White racism gets taught in public schools then I'd likely agree even before knowing the facts (which you are inexplicably shy in presenting). But, as you've just conceded, that is not CRT and the statement "CRT is not taught in US K-12 schools" stands unrefuted.This is such a weird takeaway, though. If you think that many schools are engaging in racism you should be more angry about that than the fact that the opponents of that racism are using a term you don’t think is correct.
I said I'd agree that some racism gets taught in public schools even before knowing the facts. That's different from your statement that many schools are engaging in racism. Let's be sure to note that you are remarkably unwilling to produce the facts in spite of numerous requests from Double.
But I simply don’t see that condemnation at all from you or anyone else. I don’t care about the term, it’s like getting outraged at someone calling aluminum foil tin foil
Well, this is the crux of our disagreement. I assume that some racism exists in schools even without particular cases because racism is an ordinary part of the American experience, always has been, and I see no reason to assume that public schools are magically immune. While acknowledging some degree of racism in our society I also strongly believe that particular social problem is improving and that racism generally is less of a social problem today than at any earlier point is US history. Naturally, as a Liberal, I am perfectly willing to condemn racism generally and would be willing to consider condemnation of any specific accounts your care to present (again, so far there have been none), but getting angry about American racism generally strikes me as about as unproductive as getting angry about pollution or obesity- what's the point?
The outrage doesn't come from the mislabeling so much as the Republican assault on truth-telling and Democracy. If FOX News reported that tin foil causes cancer and a bunch of Republican legislatures quickly banned any trade in tin foil before discovering that it was in fact aluminum foil that was the actual carcinogen, that would be a problem: News media broadcasting false information, Governments issuing bans based on what they heard on TV without taking any responsibility for the facts, etc but at least it wouldn't violate any First Amendment rights.
Fox News' mislabeling of anti-white racism as CRT is not only deliberately misinforming the public, it is being used as the basis for censorship in 9 states. As a Liberal, I generally oppose wholesale censorship of any topic in school but wholesale censorship of the WRONG topic seems like intolerably fucked big government mismanagement and wholesale censorship of the wrong topic based exclusively on the lies of one TV personality represents some terrifying anti-American, anti-Democracy obedience to authority. When Republicans talk about CRT as if it describes anti-white racist propaganda they reveal the carrier code associated with their misinformation. Before Sept 2020, CRT was an almost unheard-of 50 year conversation within the rarified ranks of Black legal scholarship. Once Tucker Carlson started calling any race-based teaching he didn't like CRT, the entire Republican party followed like lemmings- Trump was tweeting about CRT 4 days later, State legislatures were passing laws within weeks of Tucker's lie.
The outrage is not the lie. The outrage is that Tucker Carlson can tell any lie he wishes and the whole Republican Party will instantly and unreservedly repeat the lie, believe the lie, and turn the lie into legislation without any sign of questioning or investigation or checks and balances. What a pack of kool-aid gulping cultists the GOP has become.
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@Discipulus_Didicit
actually, I just cut&paste from wikipedia and didn't bother cleaning up the links
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@Discipulus_Didicit
B
Bomb
6
Immovable; is captured by Miner
10/1
Marshal
1
Can be captured by the Spy if the Spy attacks first.
9/2
General
1
8/3
Colonel
2
7/4
Major
3
6/5
Captain
4
5/6
Lieutenant
4
4/7
Sergeant
4
3/8
Miner
5
Can defuse (i. e. capture) bombs
2/9
Scout
8
moves any distance in a horizontal or vertical straight line, without leaping over pieces/lakes
1/S
Spy
1
Defeats the Marshal, but only if the Spy makes the attack
F
Flag
1
Immovable; capturing the opponent's Flag wins the game
Looks like bombs were always B. Change was made in 2000
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@Discipulus_Didicit
wow. Opposite. When we played scouts were 9, bombs 8, sergeants 7, etc 2 was general, 1 was Field Marshall- lower numbers killed higher numbers except for bombs. I think engineers were 6.
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My brothers and I played this a lot as kids. One red scout had a broken foot wrapped in Scotch tape- so red was considered the harder position.
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@thett3
It's just a weird obfuscation. "Critical race theory" is a term being used as a catch all for a number of pretty sinister and anti-white/racial essentialist concepts increasingly being taught, which are deeply unpopular among parents of all races.
Here you concede my argument. The definition of CRT is most definitely NOT "a catch all for a number of pretty sinister and anti-white/racial essentialist concepts" yet you confess the Right is using it that way. But you see how dishonest that is, right? You take a wrong but well established body of argument in American Law and you besmirch its name by deliberately misusing the term to secretly mean "racism against whites" in Republican conversations. Then when you start passing laws against CRT, you've got the easily led RIght thinking that legislatures are just banning anti-White racism when you are in fact deliberately suppressing a 50 year tradition in Black speech. This is the precise nature of Tucker Carlson's undertaking beginning in Sept. 2020.
If Liberal conversations about CRT were increasing over the past ten or twenty years, a google search trending analysis of the term would reflect that increase.....but such analysis doesn't show that all. If anything, usage of the term from 2004 to Sept 2020 was in a decade long decline before Tucker started using the term as "a catch all for anti-white concepts" and usage of the term increased 14-fold overnight, hundredsfold over the next year. The Right isn't reacting to CRT, the Right received an instruction to use CRT as euphemism for more generic discontents and the Right slavishly obeyed.
If you and Fruit are trying to argue that some anti-White racism gets taught in public schools then I'd likely agree even before knowing the facts (which you are inexplicably shy in presenting). But, as you've just conceded, that is not CRT and the statement "CRT is not taught in US K-12 schools" stands unrefuted.
Maybe "critical race theory" is the wrong term,
Okay, then. You've conceded our thesis.
but I sure haven't seen a lot of democrats stepping up to defend some of the things being taught in schools.
Okay. That doesn't have anything to do with CRT but I'm sure that's true to some degree.
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@Fruit_Inspector
-->@oromagiPraxis just means "practice" as in "practice what you preach." Jesus Christ was praxising Critical Pedagogy at the Sermon on the Mount.How was Critical Pedagogy - coined in the 60's by Freire - being praxised by a Jew in the 1st century?
This was answered in the topic sentence of that paragraph: Critical Pedagogy is just a fancy term for teaching human rights. If you accept that Jesus' sermons advocated human rights, then Jesus was praxising Critical Pedagogy and so, following your equation, teaching CRT and so, following your equation, properly banned in 9 Republican states.
I am not saying CRT and Critical Pedagogy are the same thing.
My position would be that the praxis component of CRT (as opposed to the intellectual theory component) has taken the form of Critical Pedagogy in K-12 schools.
Praxis as in "practice." And what is the name of that praxis component? civil rights? Why speak of praxis components at all rather than simply say out loud what Derrick Bell's CRT shares with the practice of teaching human rights?
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- Has the most medals of any debater.
- Most medals wins
- holder of the rank of top debater
- most prolific debater
- Is responsible for maybe one out of every six debates
- most well-rounded debateartist- debates, forums, games, religion forum, intersite politics and intrigue
- most prolific non-mod voter
- Therefore, best able to represent the multiple facets of interests on this site
- Pls. vote RationalMadman to be our first DebateArt President
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@Fruit_Inspector
I would actually argue that engaging students in Critical Pedagogy should be considered "teaching CRT" because praxis is a necessary component of CRT.
Critical Pedagogy as coined by Paolo Freire is just a fancy term for the radical notion that Democracy and Human Rights should be taught in school. Praxis just means "practice" as in "practice what you preach." Jesus Christ was praxising Critical Pedagogy at the Sermon on the Mount. Martin Luther King was praxising Critical Pedagogy from the Birmingham Jail.
Freire's work in the 60's predates Bell's CRT so it can't be accurate that any Critical Pedagogy is correctly thought to be CRT.
"Bell and other legal scholars began using the phrase "critical race theory" (CRT) in the 1970s as a takeoff on "critical legal theory", a branch of legal scholarship that challenges the validity of concepts such as rationality, objective truth, and judicial neutrality. Critical legal theory was itself a takeoff on critical theory, a philosophical framework with roots in Marxist thought."
THIS is the definition of CRT, Bell's CRT, that I argue is not being taught in public school. I have not seen any evidence that K-12 public schools are teaching that reason is folly, that all truth subjective and all justice relative to power- an inherent rejection of the Liberal Consensus that formed the basis of 20th Century American cooperation and success. Most teachers are Liberal. CRT is a rejection of Liberalism. If K-12 students are being taught CRT, then they are reading Derrick Bell. If K-12 students aren't reading Bell or his acolytes, then it is damn difficult to argue that CRT is being taught in K-12.
Tucker Carlson started teaching the Right to use the initials CRT as a loosely defined euphemism for black civil rights beginning in Sept. 2020. We can agree that CRT is wrong-headed and that the story of America is more often times a story of the triumphs of reason and truth and justice, but we do not agree that CRT means the same thing as civil rights. We do not agree that CRT means the same thing as Critical Pedagogy just because they both advocate practicing what ones preaches.
Also, fundamental principles and definitions of CRT are being taught. Do you disagree that praxis is a necessary component of CRT?
Praxis is a necessary component of every theory. Praxis means "the practical application of any branch of learning." Using Fruit_inspector's vague, reaching definition of CRT, Socrates, Buddha, Benjamin Franklin - all scientists, all artists, all thinkers- even Tucker Carlson, were all teaching CRT (and so, now banned from public schools in 9 Republican states).
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@sadolite
-->@oromagiI think you need some self examination because you openly show your absolute contempt for entire demographics of people for simply not voting for the President of your choice. You are the poster child for racism and bigotry from my view point by what you have said about other people you have never met and don't even know. I am talking grouping millions of people as unworthy in your view point.
Self-examination is essential and I welcome your correction. The first aphorism at Delphi read KNOW THYSELF and I confess that I hold a deep contempt for Trump and his acolytes.
As I have laid out many times on this website, I am entirely persuaded that Trump is, to some undetermined degree, a compromised agent of hostile, foreign powers, a self-absorbed sociopath without a single base moral principle, an anti-Democracy, anti-American autocrat who just attempted our nation's first coup and somehow remains free, like Hitler in the last days of the Weimar Republic, and the most thoroughgoing liar in human history (which I say as an enthusiastic student of human history). Trumpism is not a political ideology but a Nazi style death cult representing the most immediate threat to American Democracy extant. To my mind, there is no rational argument that allows a loyal American to follow Trump and following Trump demonstrates a complete lack of comprehension of the American Project. By definition, that is a kind of Pro-American, Pro-Democracy bigotry that I call patriotism and for which I refuse to apologize.
That said, the second aphorism at Delphi was NOTHING to EXCESS and the third was SURETY BRINGS RUIN. Whatever my convictions, I appreciate being reminded from time to time that I am only one perspective and I cannot know the mind of another, however enslaved by false, foreign propaganda that mind might seem.
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@sadolite
skin color doesn't matter, content of character does.
A core tenant of Liberalism upon which you and I can agree. CRT wants to identify and target White power structures preventing Black enfranchisement. Liberals want power structures that enfranchise all citizens alike.
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@cristo71
In “The Crucible,” once you were accused of being a witch, there was only one way out alive: contritely admit to being a witch. Such as it is now with the accusation of racism…
If
- witchcraft was real and
- witchcraft was the oldest social problem in American History and
- Reverend Hale was arguing that we are all potential witches and
- the penalty for witchcraft was self-examination rather than burning at the stake,
then your analogy would be nearly apt.
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@cristo71
The above is the sort of reasoning reminiscent of the classic novel “The Crucible.”
Arthur Miller's 1953 "The Crucible" was a Broadway play, not a novel.
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@cristo71
->@sadoliteRacial sensitivity training has limited effectiveness on adults:
The subject is CRT. If you want to talk about racial sensitivity training you should start a new thread.
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@sadolite
-->@oromagiAm I to understand you are using hobbits, mythical characters, to explain CRT.
Critical Theory originates in Literary criticism. I was looking for a work most people are familiar with against which to apply various approaches. The subject can be anything. The point is that CRT is not itself a thesis or conclusion but a technique- like a 5 paragraph essay. Imagine if FOX News started reporting that 5 paragraph essays were designed to make white people feel racist. I'm saying that making that claim about CRT is just as ridiculous.
And then you turn it in to a right left political argument and then some how fit Trump into it?
Yes. Your misinformed understanding of CRT as something designed to make white people feel racist is a FOX News concoction. If you think that CRT is being taught in public schools that is because Tucker Carlson started promoting that lie last September and FOX News has been beating that lie into Republican heads a hundred times a week ever since. You should seek out sources not consciously brainwashing you with false political propaganda.
Got it. But the question still stands. Can the student tell the teacher its the biggest load of race baiting BS ever conceived of after passing the test?
My point is that if the student said that, then we'd all know that he doesn't understand what CRT is and so did not pass the test. Imagine if a professor asked his students to write an in-class essay in 5 paragraph form and at the end of the test one student turned to the teacher and said that the 5 paragraph essay is the biggest load of race baiting bullshit ever conceived of. We would naturally conclude:
- That student doesn't understand what a 5 paragraph essay is, and
- That student certainly failed the test
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@sadolite
Soo if public schools mandate that CRT must be taught in order to graduate,
If you understood what Critical Race Theory was then you would understand how silly your premise is.
It's a made up theory
hence the name
and is pure opinion
as is much of school. Ultimately, even the Theory of Evolution is just a particularly influential opinion.
and not based in fact,
again, hence the name
It is an attempt to indoctrinate me to think what you think.
Demonstrating that you are ignorant of the fact that CRT is not a doctrine but a critique of Liberal consensus. Critical Theory is more verb than noun- a psycho-social approach to interrogating the status quo. Critical Theory does not imply a conclusion so much as extend a particular premise in analysis.
To keep it simple, let's say you wanted to analyze The Lord of the Rings using Critical Theory.
If you wanted to apply Critical Feminist Theory, you might discuss how there seem to be so few females available to the hobbits, men, elves, dwarves, orcs, trolls, wizards, ents, etc of Middle Earth and speculate as to the reproductive adaptions implied or the true nature of the intimacy demonstrated between Frodo and Sam.
If you wanted to apply Critical Marxist Theory, you might discuss how the hobbits in their farmlands, and the men of the great plains, and the dwarves in their halls of gold, and the immortal elves represent the fortunate, greedy few of Middle Earth using the instruments of statism and desperate violence to exclude the misbegotten hungry and hard-working masses of the environmentally compromised reaches Mordor from the plentiful forests and fields of Gondor and Rohan.
If you wanted to apply Critical Race Theory, you might discuss how the orcs and goblins and trolls of Middle-Earth are the only peoples of color to be found in Middle Earth and discuss Western fear of Mordor as an accurate late Victorian representation of racist views of African and Asia.
If you wanted to apply Critical Republican Theory, you might discuss how Sauron is really the protagonist of LOTR, a man who is only trying to restore some valuable jewelry to its rightful owner and is not afraid to defend what's his.
When people who understand what Critical Theory means talk about CRT- they are specifically talking about a discussion Derrick Bell started in law schools during the 1970's about how even our most liberal assumptions within our American Criminal Justice system seem designed to effectively shut out Black routes to American franchise and American power. This discussion has never enjoyed much popularity within the realm of legal scholarship although it is sometimes one of those provocative words like "marxist" that buzz around the Black Arts scene.
You wasted your time and my time as I will never think like you and never be a race baiting asshole like you.
As I said, CRT isn't even trying to talk to the froggy trogs of Trumpism. CRT has nothing to do with any K-12 school in America and even most college students will graduate without ever genuinely discussing the subject. CRT is more like a 50 year conversation Black lawyers have been having with the Liberal enclaves of power- Harvard Law, Berkeley, HBCUs, etc. For the most part, Liberals like me are unimpressed. If you asked me what I think of CRT, I'd say that Black and White America are way more gray then we care to admit and we sink or swim together whether we like it or not. We need laws that work for everybody in simple, general terms, not laws that work better for Whites and also not laws that work better for Blacks.
Fruit_Inspector and I had a good conversation on this subject last month:
I would particularly point out to readers the facts regarding Republican law-making against CRT (outright Fascist censorship) in relation to Tucker Carlson's choice to campaign against CRT without ever honestly explaining to viewers what it was that he was frightening them over. There are new censorship laws on the books this year only because because exactly one man carefully fed the Republican Party fake news about a 50 year old black academic conversation knowing that the deeply stupid Right wing would only hear, only want to hear, only need to hear that blacks were teaching something black before they started passing laws against it.
Whether you ever figure it out or not, your opinion here regarding CRT was crafted for you by Tucker Carlson in Sept 2020 and like some blind golem made from straw and bullshit you duly parrot Tucker's misinformation without researching the subject for yourself.
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@K_Michael
Looks like my kind of movie.
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@Reece101
-->@oromagiOh damn. What happened?
Deb-8-a-bull beat me with a stick.
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@Reece101
physically deaf.
Yes. I lost my whole eardrum in my right ear to infection when I was three and my left gets progressively worse over time. Part of it is genetic- my father's family gets a lot wonky eustachian tubes, complicated by a case of the mumps.
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@Deb-8-a-bull
Do you consider youself a violent person.?
Yousef who?
Did you use to light fires.?
Cibola- my life for you.
I can't remember the other question.But umm yeahAre you violent?
No. I consider myself an advocate of non-violence.
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Anyway, that’s an insight into a learning disability for ya.
Interesting. Do you consider yourself better at remembering sequences of numbers than the average joe because of this necessity?
My oldest friend has something similar but he never let it stop him- was an editor at Fox News then a lawyer for the FBI- gets other people to do his reading for him now.
I myself have been rather hard of hearing since I was three or four. Good enough to hear the television but totally useless in any kind of bar or restaurant. I needed years of speech therapy.
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@ludofl3x
24 Hours, No MI School Shooting Topic?
On a website averaging less than 1 topic per 24 hr period, I don't think many conclusions can be inferred from the fact- many important events get no topic.
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@cristo71
The Enlightenment was a high point in Western civilization;
agree.
it has been on a downhill slide from there in recent times.
disagree. I'd hardly call abolition, feminism, indoor toilets, refrigeration, flight, automobiles, televisions, epidemiology, robots on Mars, etc., etc., etc... a downhill trajectory. The Enlightenment was an improvement on the Renaissance but I'd argue that each era since the 13th century is an improvement on the last from the big picture, Western Civ perspective.
What is postmodernism? It posits the subjectivity of truth.
Not quite.
From Wikipedia:
"Postmodern thinkers frequently describe knowledge claims and value systems as contingent or socially-conditioned, framing them as products of political, historical, or cultural discourses and hierarchies. These thinkers often view personal and spiritual needs as being best fulfilled by improving social conditions and adopting more fluid discourses, in contrast to modernism, which places a higher degree of emphasis on maximizing progress and which generally regards the promotion of objective truths as an ideal form of discourse. Some philosophers assert that those who employ postmodernist discourse are prey to a performative contradiction and a paradox of self-reference, as their critique would be impossible without the concepts and methods that modern reason provides."
So, Postmodernism is skeptical about the objectivity of many factual claims but that's not quite the same thing as saying that all truth is subjective. A Postmodern Architect like Michael Graves might be skeptical of Minimalism or the maxim that form should follow function but he's not saying that the load-bearing capacity of a steel beam depends on your perspective. I don't think most Post-Modernists would deny the existence of facts but might assert that their list of objective, verified, and knowable facts is far smaller than society supposes.
From there, one arrives at moral relativism, cultural relativism, and neo Marxism.
- To say that moral or cultural relativism are somehow more Left than Right is deluded. All Americans are moral relativists from birth. Our Founding Fathers understood slavery was a great evil and an essential cheap labor if the South was to compete in the burgeoning Industrial Era. They held two opposite and intercancelling moral viewpoints, cemented the paradox into out Declaration of Independence and Constitution and consciously laid the foundation for the American Civil War. Lincoln's moral relativism was exclusively focused on maximizing American power. In August 1862, Lincoln stated: "If I could save the union without freeing any slaves I would do it; and if I could save it by freeing all the slaves I would do it; and if I could save it by freeing some and leaving others alone I would also do that." Such a platform is not at all leftist but a perfect example of American comfort with moral relativism even before the term Post-Modernism was coined.
- Is there a more famous moral relativist than Donald Trump?
- "you also had people that were very fine people, on both sides." [defending neo-Nazi rally]
- "What, do you think our country’s so innocent?” [re: Putin's record of political assassination]
- Ten years ago, Roger Kimball was the Right's leading crusader crying wolf over the Left's moral relativism, now he defends Trump in the most relativist terms possible:
- I’d say that [Trump's] “praise for dictators” was really praise for their possible good behavior or acquiescence to policies that the president thought were in our national interest. One might agree or disagree in this or that case, thinking the president ought to have said or done this instead of that. But that is my point: the issues are debatable, not settled.
- What evidence can you present that the Left is more relativist than the Right? I say the opposite is more likely to be true.
- I'm not sure neo-Marxism is even real, much less some guiding principle of the American Left.
- To quote Marx: "ce qu'il y a de certain c'est que moi, je ne suis pas Marxiste." If the man supposed to embody the ideology rejects that ideology on first hearing than the ideology is essentially undefined- a long-standing invitation to trolls.
- If the conservative anxieties about cultural Marxism reflected reality, we would expect to see academic publications on Marx, Gramsci and critical theorists crowding out libertarian, liberal and conservative voices. To test this, [Philosophy professor Matthew Sharpe] conducted quantitative research on the academic database JStor, tracking the frequency of names and key ideas in all academic article and chapter titles published globally between 1980 and 2019 and concluded:
- By 1987, more academic articles were being published about Nietzsche than Marx.
- The last four decades have seen a relative decline of Marxist thought in academia. Its influence has been superseded by “post-structuralist” (or “postmodernist”) thinkers like Jacques Derrida, Michel Foucault, Judith Butler and Deleuze.
- Let's note that where Cristo71 blames Postmodernism for the rise of Marxism, Dr. Sharpe states that Postmodernism supplanted Marxism in academic articles and that Postmodernist Post-structuralism is primarily indebted to thinkers of the European “conservative revolution” led by Nietzsche and Heidegger.
- Where Marxism is built on hopes for reason, revolution and social progress, post-structuralist thinkers roundly reject such optimistic “grand narratives”.
- Quantitative research bears out the idea that “cultural Marxism” is indeed a “post-factual dog whistle” and an intellectual confusion masquerading as higher insight.
- A recent poll of 596 contributors to r/Economics on Reddit found that the Austrian School was most popular while Marxism came in fourth with 11% adherents. No contributors ascribed to neo-Marxism at all- while even "ass-fucker" got one vote. Reddit may not be the place to decisively conclude that neo-Marxism is less popular than ass-fuckery but it's hard to make the case that neo-Marxism is taking over Leftist thinking when nobody knows what it means, fewer academics are writing about it, and even Redditors don't give a shit.
Classical liberalism has adhered to the objectivity of truth, whereas leftism seems to embrace postmodernism.
The burden of proof is yours to demonstrate this embrace- not just that you can find some postmodernist Leftist but that post-Modernism itself is more popular on the Left than the Right, I just don't see any evidence that this is true.
If you ever hear someone declaring that society needs to “reimagine” something, that is likely postmodernist thinking.
Well, that's just bullshit. Mirriam-Webster selects example sentences automatically from various online news sources to reflect current usage of the word 'reimagine.'
Out of 7 random selections, 2 come from Fortune, two from Forbes and one from the National Review.
— Jane Thier, Fortune, 10 Nov. 2021.— Nicholas Phillips, National Review, 19 Oct. 2021Vulture, 5 Nov. 2021.— Cheryl Dorsey, Fortune, 28 Oct. 2021.— Dr. Tj Jiang, Forbes, 18 Oct. 2021.— Los Angeles Times, 15 Oct. 2021— oregonlive, 6 Oct. 2021— Babu Sivadasan, Forbes, 27 Sep. 2021
You know who says re-imagine more than anybody else? Wall Street. I'll leave it to Cristo to explain how Wall St is the new bastion of post-Modernism.
Just some of the telltale results are: moral confusion, gender confusion, identity politics, anti-capitalism, collectivism, anti-Westernism, anti-patriotism, and even skepticism over the inherent objectivity of mathematics.
Thoughtcrime! Doubleplusungood!
Postmodernism abhors criticism of all cultures except for Western, European cultures.
Bullshit. Defend this claim.
at least Christianity places a high value on objectivity and fundamental truths.
Faith requires an absence of objective truths. If a claim is objectively true, then the claim requires no faith to demonstrate its truth. Faith, by definition, is the acceptance as truth in the absence of any proof.
Postmodernism is actually reducing society’s trust in institutions (such as science in this case) even further because it is detracting from the rigor and trustworthiness that adhering to objectivity provides.
That is, in the age of COVID, you are asserting that the Left is reducing trust in Science, not the "death by anti-vax" Right.
That is, post Jan 6th, you are asserting that the Left erodes society's trust in institutions more than the "Stop the Steal" Right.
People of faith will not be convinced to trust science more anytime soon if they feel it has been tainted by the ideological agenda of Postmodernism.
People of faith can only trust science up to the point that science discredits their belief system, therefore people of faith have always and will always distrust science to an important degree. Again, if science did not discredit the belief, then the belief would require no faith. If people of faith trusted science deeply, they would no longer be people of faith.
Thomas, because thou hast seen me, thou hast believed: blessed are they that have not seen, and yet have believed.
In short, left unchecked, Postmodernism leads to confusion, chaos, and the decline of Western societies. Worst of all, that may actually be a feature rather than a bug…
Right, because there was no confusion or chaos or decline to be discovered in the atomic bombs and holocausts at the apex of Modernism, no confusion or chaos or decline in the French and American revolutions at the apex of the Enlightenment. I think you've taken a few of the most pervasive negatives of the human condition, blamed Post-Modernism for those negatives without demonstrating an understanding of the term, then blamed the Left for inventing the concept without any evidence and in the face of experts who actually credit the Right-wingers.
What is your plan for "checking" the Left to prevent them from thinking these heretical thoughts? Thought-control? Criminalization?
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- Kevin Smith should sue- being forced to become a walrus is the plot of his 2014 film "Tusk"
- Why does young Johnny have the opportunity/motivation to express his make believe to the "Internet People"?
- How do the Internet People "force" Johnny?
- Sounds like Johnny's parents are to blame
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@sadolite
-->@oromagiWhere's your source so I can reject it like you are rejecting mine.
Please follow the blue links for sources.
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@Dr.Franklin
the car ramming was to escape antifa terrorists chasing the man,
I asked you to look at that tape (which refutes your claim soundly) and explain. Mere repetition is not explanation.
not defending what he did, but
Pretty sure you've just done so twice
antifa played a huge role in the incident
Are we just taking your word for it or do you have something real to back this claim? How are you identifying AntiFa members and how are you distinguishing AntiFa from other counterprotestors?
the police chief resigned due to media pressure.
True. The media pressure was due to appearance of alt-Right sympathies in the Charlottesville Police.
All police favor leftist activists
The opposite of the truth. A survey of 3,652 working officers found that 84% planned to vote for Trump in the 2016 election. Hillary was supported by 8%, Libertarian candidate Gary Johnson received 5%, and "other" received 3%. My read of the history of civil police forces is that their Overton windows are well to the right side of GenPop and far smaller in breadth.
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@sadolite
-->@oromagiYou fail to understand
- I think we both know I don't.
- the gov of Florida has the authority and think force is being used. It is not force, it is arrogant school boards overstepping their authority and stripping citizens of their rights.
- Unsurprisingly, you seem ignorant of the fact that DeSantis signed Florida HB213 into law on Jun 18, 2019, which removed authority from the Florida Dept. of Health for all school
- Procedures for investigating disease, timeframes for reporting disease, definitions, procedures for managing specific diseases, requirements for follow-up reports of known or suspected exposure to disease, and procedures for providing access to confidential information necessary for disease investigations; and for purposes of the immunization registry, procedures for a health care practitioner to obtain authorization to use the immunization registry, methods for a parent or guardian to elect not to participate in the immunization registry, and procedures for a health care practitioner described above to access and share electronic immunization records with other entities allowed by law to have access to the records.
- and gave that authority to the school boards going forward. Specifically,
- The bill requires each district school board and the governing authority of each private school to establish and enforce a policy requiring that, prior to admittance to or attendance in a public or private school, grades kindergarten through 12, or any other initial entrance into a Florida public or private school, each child is required to have on file with the DOH immunization registry a certification of immunization for the prevention of those communicable diseases for which immunization is required by the DOH. The bill deletes the current-law allowance for such a child to “present to” or have such certification on file with his or her school.
- That is, as recently as 7 months before the pandemic, DeSantis put it into writing and into law that the State was surrendering its authority for investigating, reporting, and managing diseases and immunization in schools and giving that authority to Florida's 74 school districts and 2441 private schools instead.
- The Governor does not have that authority anymore because that same governor put the school districts in charge of that expensive and bureaucratic responsibility. Because the Governor signed this bill, he has acknowledged that any new transfer of authority would likewise require legislative and judicial review.. But in fact, DeSantis has seized that authority back to state without any legislative or judicial review, contradicting his own 2019 precedent.
- School district employees and elected official who dare to refute DeSantis' unconstitutional seizure of those same powers he bestowed to school districts just two years ago are punished by withholding of paychecks. By mid-October, DeSantis was withholding pay from all the elected official on 8 school boards for the crime of using the responsibilities DeSantis dumped on them just before the pandemic. You say "it is not force," but taking away a person's livelihood until they agree to break the law is definitely coercion and compulsion, which amounts to force in any legal dictionary.
The Gov is simply protecting my rights
- Which rights, specifically?
under his authority. I will refer you to state of emergency powers and the Governors authority.
- I am sorry to again expose your deep ignorance about your own state, but DeSantis rescinded all COVID emergency orders and powers in Florida on May 3rd of this year- just ten weeks before Florida's deadliest wave really started to kick in. 300 extra dead Floridians each day was no emergency, apparently, but DeSantis was sufficiently alarmed by the data showing less disease spread in rebel schools districts to cancel the publication of COVID stats by county or school district.
School boards have no authority.
The traditional Conservative opinion regarding matters such as pandemic response was that as much authority and decision-making as possible should be left to the locals. DeSantis can't just seize powers that the legislature specifically delegated to local government in 2019. The fact that you don't care establishes well enough that you are no true Conservative in the traditional American sense of that political ethos.
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@sadolite
Florida has the lowest per capita infection rate and doesn't resort to unscientific tyrannical and draconian methods.
In most of the country, individual school boards and county health departments are given the power to determine whether a mask policy is appropriate. In Florida, that authority has been stripped from local governments and given to exactly one person- DeSantis. When any authority is taken by force from the many and given to one man, that is tyranny by definition. Your power as a decision-maker in local Florida health issues has been taken away from you to improve the political fortunes of one man but you don't care because that tyranny insulates your ignorance of certain basic health and safety facts. That makes you a sucker.
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@sadolite
Florida has the lowest covid cases in the entire US
That was true for last week only. Fla has been the leading state for new COVID cases on multiple occasions during the pandemic, the last as recently as September.
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@sadolite
[EV] pollute the environment just like regular cars.
False.
Are electric vehicles greener?The short answer is yes — but their full green potential is still many years away.Experts broadly agree that electric vehicles create a lower carbon footprint over the course of their lifetime than do cars and trucks that use traditional, internal combustion engines.Last year, researchers from the universities of Cambridge, Exeter and Nijmegen in The Netherlands found that in 95% of the world, driving an electric car is better for the environment than driving a gasoline-powered car.Electricity grids in most of the world are still powered by fossil fuels such as coal or oil, and EVs depend on that energy to get charged. Separately, EV battery production remains an energy-intensive process.A study from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Energy Initiative found that the battery and fuel production for an EV generates higher emissions than the manufacturing of an automobile. But those higher environmental costs are offset by EVs’ superior energy efficiency over time.In short, the total emissions per mile for battery-powered cars are lower than comparable cars with internal combustion engines.“If we are going to take a look at the current situation, in some countries, electric vehicles are better even with the current grid,” Sergey Paltsev, a senior research scientist at the MIT Energy Initiative and one of the study’s authors, told CNBC.Paltsev explained that the full benefits of EVs will be realized only after the electricity sources become renewable, and it might take several decades for that to happen.“Currently, the electric vehicle in the U.S., on average, would emit about 200 grams of CO2 per mile,” he said. “We are projecting that with cleaning up the grid, we can reduce emissions from electric vehicles by 75%, from about 200 (grams) today to about 50 grams of CO2 per mile in 2050.”Similarly, Paltsev said MIT research showed non-plug-in hybrid cars with internal combustion engines currently emit about 275 grams of CO2 per mile. In 2050, their projected emissions are expected to be between 160 to 205 grams of CO2 per mile — the range is wider than EVs, because fuel standards vary from place to place.
Only difference is it is released into a concentrated area and then spreads out.
That's a pretty critical difference when it comes to filtering and capturing as much carbon emission as possible. Concentrating carbon emissions is an important development in decreasing carbon emissions.
Its time to end the free ride and make electric cars sell on their own merits and stop fucking the taxpayer by making them pay for them to even remotely make them a viable option in the free market.
You will have to make the argument that incentivizing upgrades in transportation efficiency amounts to "fucking the taxpayer." Taxpayers subsidize Big Oil to a far greater degree than they subsidize EV, even though increased oil dependency is clearly unsustainable and has been identified as a major security threat to US going forward.
If they are so great, people will buy them on their own merits without subsidies.
That's false for at least until charging infrastructure matches demand.
Also all new charging stations should be funded with taxes added to the cost of the electricity that is used to charge the car just like gas.
Biden's Build Back Better Plan just passed by Congress will build the first generation of charging stations nationwide. This initiative is already paid for by rescinding a small percentage of the tax breaks Trump gave the wealthiest 10% of Americans in 2017.
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Further more show the science that wearing any piece of clothe on your face stops or slows the spread of a virus.
- I have never seen a scientist claim "stops the virus" . Most scientists agree that any cloth is more effective at filtering particles than no face covering. Depending on the material and environment, most cloth masks likely filter out 50-90% of particulates in the COVID size range.
- Linsey Marr, an environmental engineer at Virginia Tech in Blacksburg, and her colleagues found that even a cotton T-shirt can block half of inhaled aerosols and almost 80% of exhaled aerosols measuring 2 µm across. Once you get to aerosols of 4–5 µm, almost any fabric can block more than 80% in both directions, she says. Multiple layers of fabric, she adds, are more effective, and the tighter the weave, the better.
- Another study found that masks with layers of different materials — such as cotton and silk — could catch aerosols more efficiently than those made from a single material. Benn worked with Danish engineers at her university to test their two-layered cloth mask design using the same criteria as for medical-grade ventilators. They found that their mask blocked only 11–19% of aerosols down to the 0.3 µm mark, according to Benn. But because most transmission is probably occurring through particles of at least 1 µm, according to Marr and Jimenez, the actual difference in effectiveness between N95 and other masks might not be huge.
Tell me how raising gas prices does anything to stop climate change. This is science
Economic Science, yes. The Law of Demand is one of the most fundamental concepts in economics. The Law of Demand states that quantity purchased varies inversely with price. In other words, the higher the price, the lower the quantity demanded.
The reasons for the price spike are textbook supply and demand from an economics textbook: Americans have gotten back to driving more this summer as the pandemic has moderated, and a combination of domestic supply interruptions and trouble in energy markets overseas have made crude oil more expensive.
It would not be accurate to suggest that the Biden Administration has taken any action to increase the price of gas and has, in fact, worked directly to moderate gas prices.
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21.
A March 2021 study looked at the impact of New York City’s April 2020 executive order mandating mask wearing for all in public. At that time, NYC was the epicenter of infections in the U.S., the study published in Journal of Urban Health explains. Results showed that NYC’s mask mandate prevented 99,517 infections and 7,978 COVID-19 deaths. Additionally, researchers say if the order had been implemented just one week earlier than that, 111,475 infections and 9,017 deaths would have been prevented.
22.
22.
This Hong Kong study published in The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease laments the lack of support for masking in Western countries, as many Asian countries accept and have normalized mask wearing for decades. The researchers point to a previous study cited to dispute benefits of face masks — particularly cloth masks — because they’re considered far less effective than surgical masks. The authors argue that while cloth masks are less effective than surgical masks, the difference is about 70% versus 90%, which they say is still a “very meaningful benefit.”
23.
Authors of a December 2020 study published in Future Microbiology felt strongly about their findings on mask fit, which found they significantly reduce particle transmission when worn properly. They write: “Quantitative analysis of the most efficient and effective face masks (in terms of both fit and fabric) will undoubtedly help to stem the spread of not just SAR-CoV-2 but also any illness spread through respiratory particles.”
24.
Researchers in this study of efficacy of different materials used for homemade masks found, as expected, different materials have different capabilities in preventing transmission. The laboratory study was performed in West China Hospital of Sichuan University in Chengdu, China and published in October 2020 by the PLOS One scientific journal community. The lab tested various materials and layering for filtration. The study found that while homemade masks did not meet surgical mask standards, the filtration efficiency and pressure difference inside did. They write: “…homemade masks using available materials, based on the results of this study, can minimize the chance of infection to the maximum extent.”
25.
This BMJ-published study from New South Wales, Australia, used simulation scenarios to deduce that when used together, masking, high community testing and contact tracing are effective at controlling COVID-19 transmission. The researchers predictions and models lined up pretty closely with how case numbers played out in New South Wales.
26.
Mathematical models were generated based on huge swaths of data for this study published in Nature Communications. These models found: 1) Even limited distribution of masks offering only 25% protection and containment would result in significant drop in death rates, 2) Even if only 10% of people used the masks offering 25% protection, the death rate would drop 5%, 3) If people used homemade masks that offered even 5% protection and containment, death rates would drop from 2.5 to 2.26 percentage points. Places requiring public masking could also expect a 3-5% reduction in deaths, researchers write.
27.
In this study published in the European Respiratory Journal, researchers examined information from several countries to determine the differences in spread among those who masked and those who largely didn’t. They urge lawmakers and residents to heed mask guidelines, as it’s a favorable alternative to shutdowns and prolonged social distancing. The authors write: “… We strongly support the use of cloth masks as a simple, economic and sustainable alternative to surgical masks as a means of source control for general community use, so that disposable surgical masks and N95 respirators can be reserved for use in healthcare facilities.”
28.
A September 2020 study published by the Association for Psychological Science reviewed several previous studies to determine why many people refuse or resist doing so when, they believe, face masks and social distancing have been proven to help slow disease spread. Researchers of the study, which centered on empathy, reviewed many previous studies to come to the what before examining the why.
29.
Using data from 15 previous studies, researchers in this The Lancet-published study write: “This study supports universal face mask use, because masks were equally effective in both health-care and community settings when adjusted for type of mask use.” While the authors acknowledge that surgical and N95 masks are more effective than cloth masks, data indicate universal mask wearing can reduce the rate of infection, even with moderately effective ones. Additionally, researchers cite data showing mask wearing in Beijing homes prevented secondary transmission, if worn before symptoms appear.
30.
The Beijing study cited in #38 was published in May 2020 by BMJ Global Health — it followed 335 people in 124 families that had at least one family member with a confirmed COVID-19 case. Authors found that after nearly a month in the same household, face mask use by all parties before symptom development was 79% effective in transmission reduction.
31.
This study published in the Emerging Infectious Diseases medical journal concluded that while cloth masks are inferior to surgical masks and shouldn’t be used by healthcare workers, they are a suitable option for community use. Fit and material are key, researchers write, indicating that fabrics with high thread count and fine weave should be used — in addition to several layers of the material.
32.
These New York University Abu Dhabi researchers examined the resistance of mask wearing in Spain during the early stages of the pandemic. Here, while exploring how attitudes and biases affect decisions to wear masks, explain that many still resist “despite growing evidence of the effectiveness of face mask use against transmission of respiratory viruses.” Based on their research, the authors urged governments to create programs to improve mask-wearing compliance
33.
A Vietnamese study published in the Journal of Community Health this year took a look at mask use among university students. Researchers noted Vietnam’s strict mitigation policies during the pandemic, especially given its proximity to China, helped keep case numbers low (about 28 cases per 10 million people). Measures including mandatory masking in public places — and a monetary fine of about $13 US — led to the successful containment of the coronavirus, researchers write. Again, while surgical masking is the preferred method, researchers urge mask use and community education on their importance.
34.
This January 2021 study published in Journal of Econometrics used robust models, experiments and data sets to review how further masking during the pandemic’s onset may have prevented infections and deaths. They conclude that their analysis “robustly indicates” face mask mandates have reduced the spread of COVID-19. They explain that if all U.S. states had implemented mandatory masking policies on March 14, 2020, the cumulative death toll by the end of May would have been about 19% to 45% smaller — or about 19,000 to 47,000 saved lives.
35.
Just last month, research published on scholarly site PLOS One examined the “substantial” decline in new COVID-19 cases when mask mandates began amid a surge in Melbourne, Australia. Using models and logarithm data analysis, it’s estimated that mask usage in public spaces rose from around 43% to 97% — resulting in a plunge in virus reproduction and new cases. The authors say they strongly support mask usage in communities.
36.
“Of Masks and Methods,” published in March in Annals of Internal Medicine, explored how the way masks are worn and implemented affect how effective they are. Researchers examined observational studies and other experiments to conclude that community mask use, especially if widespread, correlates to reduced risk for COVID-19. They write: “Across all analyses odds ratios were approximately 0.8, consistent with a 20% reduction in incident SARS-CoV-2 infection if masks are recommended… Multiple observational studies have documented an association between mask mandates and reduced COVID-19 incidence.”
37.
This Irish study appearing in scientific journal publisher MDPI observed the transmission of particles through various mask materials to determine filtration, how porous they were and how much they resist airflow (among other factors). Using mathematical models, statistical data and historical data, they found masks to be an overall effective and necessary tool for the foreseeable future. They explain that as advancements in material occur — including many existing antimicrobial fabrics — masks will prove even more effective. They write: “Current materials used in production including non-woven fibrous substances have been in use since the beginning of the 20th century and have been shown to be still sufficiently viable in their use.”
38.
A February 2021 study from Ethiopia and published in Risk Management and Healthcare Policy medical journal combed through databases and other COVID-19 writings to conclude that universal face mask use can contribute to community containment if properly used and available as needed.
39.
This February 2021 JAMA-published study examined several other studies and created a table of different populations around the globe and how their masking use affected spread. They found: “When masks are worn and combined with other recommended mitigation measures, they protect not only the wearer but also the greater community.” Further, they explain that as mutations emerge, masking will be even more important.
40.
Echoing other findings, the doctor/researcher behind this December 2020 Wisconsin Medical Journal review used over 88 scholarly references to aggregate his ultimate conclusion that the bulk of mask wearing works to control community spread. The author notes that while a mask can only protect wearers from infection to a certain extent, they can help control the viral load they’re exposed to and thus, the severity of their infection.
41.
This May 2021 Medical Decision Making analysis used models to test the ability of masks to slow the spread of COVID-19 during an initial outbreak and an insurgence. The authors used over 50 sources to determine that even with moderately effective masking “it is evident that mask effectiveness significantly affects transmission.” The researchers recommend masking until at least widespread vaccination occurs.
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@sadolite
-->@oromagiGovt always says its decisions about climate change and covid are based on science.
Makes sense. Both climate change and Covid are hard to detect and understand without very sophisticated modern scientific theories and models. Both were predicted to become problems by scientists decades before these invisible forces began tangibly impacting our lives.
So show me the science that demonstrates how a virus is prevented by spreading when people are both wearing and nor wearing masks.
Here's 41 Peer-reviewed studies compiled by KXAN affirming the effectiveness of masks. I could cite thousands more:
- Researchers (including a CDC doctor) for a February 2021 article published by the Journal of the American Medical Association reviewed data from 10 previous studies conclude mask wearing substantially reduces spread. They write that wearing a cloth mask can reduce transmission of exhaled droplets from infected wearers into the air by around 50% to 70%. Additionally, masks were shown to help prevent uninfected wearers from inhaling large respiratory droplets. Overall, the authors found mask wearing’s main benefit is source control, which protects others by reducing the number of respiratory droplets released, rather than respiratory protection, which protects the wearer.
- Universal mask adoption for people when in public is recommended by the authors of the “An evidence review of face masks against COVID-19,” first published in January by Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the U.S. Researchers poured over at least 150 other studies, models and findings to draw their conclusion: “The available evidence suggests that near-universal adoption of nonmedical masks when out in public, in combination with complementary public health measures, could successfully reduce virus reproduction levels to below 1, thereby reducing community spread if such measures are sustained.” Additionally, they posit that mask wearing mandates could add $1 trillion to the U.S. GDP by preventing business closures.
- A high-speed laser-light video experiment in The New England Journal of Medicine caused oral fluid droplets to appear as flashes in the light. When observed, between 227 and 347 oral fluid droplets flashed when participants said the words “stay healthy” without a mask. When the same phrase was spoken with a mask, “the flash count remained close to background level.”
- A June 2020 University of Iowa study published in the Health Affairs medical journal estimated over 200,000 COVID-19 cases were prevented in May after masking was mandated in several states. For this experiment, researchers used data analysis and models to measure community spread before and after a mask mandate was enacted. Data found that within 1-5 days after a mandate was issued, daily case rates dropped nearly one percentage point. Within 21 or more days, they dropped two.
- A symptomatic traveler with a dry cough traveled from Wuhan, China, to Toronto, Canada, while wearing a mask, Canadian Medical Association Journal researchers reported in an April 2020 response to a February 2020 study. None of the 25 passengers considered “close contacts” aboard the flight contracted the virus. This study indicated that droplet transmission was likely more prevalent than airborne transmission.
- A June 2020 study in medical journal The Lancet reviewed 172 other studies from 16 countries and found that while different masks offer different effectiveness, masks overall result in a “large reduction in risk of infection.”
- Research in the journal Science addressed one key claim by mask opponents: that masks don’t work because they can still let quite a bit of respiratory matter through. The study explains, however, that the amount of particles that can come through a mask are dependent on environment and how infected a certain area is. For example, a highly infected group of individuals in a closed space will result in more particles being present overall, including through a mask. Nevertheless, face masks were found to effectively limit probability of COVID-19 transmission.
- A study published in the International Journal of Nursing Studies found that out of a total of 19 randomized controlled trials of communities, masks were effective — even without hand washing.
- Authors of a Science Advances journal study found that some masks — particularly neck gaiters — could disperse large droplets into smaller, more airborne droplets. However, surgical masks, cotton masks and bandanas were found to cause a reduction in transmission and a significant delay between when they left one person’s mouth and when they were detected.
- An article in the medical journal Respirology concluded (based on 10 previous studies and data) says while questions remain, there are “a range of reasons to advocate public mask wearing.” Authors noted that while masks protect wearers from droplets more than airborne particles, studies of influenza spread show masks are about 40-95% efficient. While they believe more information is still needed, they conclude that although cloth masks are inferior to medical masks, they’re “certainly better than no masks at all.”
- Models created by the authors of a January 2021 study in the Frontiers in Medicine journal indicated wearing face masks showed favorable outcomes in reducing infection rates. Most importantly, mathematical models indicated a big decrease in mortality when population mask coverage was near-universal. This was true even if mask type were less effective types.
- A November 2020 article published in the Environmental Pollution journal concluded mask wearing is effective at preventing contact, droplet and possibly airborne transmission of COVID-19. Based on their research — through review of existing data — they urged government officials to further emphasis the importance of masking.
- An October 2020 study in Extreme Mechanics Letters found that cloth face coverings, particularly masks with multiple layers, have over 70% blocking efficiency. Multiple-layered fabric was found to stop droplets with more than 94% efficiency, which is equitable to that of medical masks.
- A scenario in Nature Medicine projected what would happen if each U.S. state implemented and achieved 95% of public mask use — this resulted in the lowest projected cumulative death toll. Under this scenario, no states reached daily death rates of eight deaths per million. Other projections found that even if lockdowns/restrictions were not mandated, “any additional coverage that can be achieved through mask use will save lives.”
- Authors of the “How effective is a mask in preventing COVID-19 infection?” study published in Medical Devices & Sensors examined transmission of droplets through various masks, ultimately finding that correctly wearing masks — despite the varying effectiveness of different types — can largely reduce overall risks of infection and boost protection.
- Consumer-grade masks (cloth, bandana) with modifications can offer protection that’s almost the exact same or even better than non-N95 medical masks professionals use. That’s according to the researchers in a December 2020 study published in JAMA Internal Medicine. Modifications in fit was the main contributor to increased effectiveness, researchers wrote.
- The Annals of Internal Medicine published a study indicating that while researchers don’t have enough data to rule that cloth masks stop transmission of respiratory droplets from coming in through a mask, there’s “convincing” evidence to say that cloth masks do reduce particles from going out of a mask and contaminating air and surfaces. The researchers explain: “Every virus-laden particle retained in a mask is not available to hang in the air as an aerosol or fall to a surface to be later picked up by touch.”
- While authors of a December 2020 Eurosurveillance infectious disease journal review of 74 sources decided more data and research is needed, they ultimately estimated face masks to offered up to 15% reduction in disease transmission in their sample pool.
- The authors of this April 2020 study found that Taiwan recorded only 348 COVID-19 cases at that time, while Singapore recorded 1,114. Only Taiwan encouraged masking at the onset of the pandemic, according to the Emerging Infectious Diseases-published study. While researchers say the reduction was “marginal,” they believe the reduction could still produce substantial results, especially if implemented early on. Researchers acknowledge limitations to the study, saying a small sample size was used and there was “suboptimal” adherence to mask wearing among participants. They write: “Taiwan had the foresight to create a large stockpile of medical and surgical masks; other countries or regions might now consider doing so as part of future pandemic plans.”
- In a study in Journal of Travel Medicine, published by Oxford University, researchers found that while mask effectiveness varies depending on type and fit, cloth masks were suitable for non-healthcare workers and could prevent transmission of infection, especially during early onset. The authors argue that a model showed that even if face masks are only 20% effective and only 25% of the population used them, infection would be reduced by 30%.
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Dune 2021 (HBO)
Dr. Strangelove (HBO)
The Front Page 1931 (HBO)
Power of the Dog (Netflix)
Howard's End 1992 (Netflix)
Godless (Netflix)
Blackadder (Hulu)
Top of the Lake (Hulu)
The Expanse (Prime)
Walking through History (Prime)
The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel (Prime)
Becoming Cousteau (Disney)
The Mandolorian (Disney)
Thor: Ragnarok (Disney)
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@sadolite
Science, politics and activism are virtually all the same thing now. It is impossible to tell the difference.
Activism has always been one aspect of politics. If one can't tell the difference between science and politics one's opinion on either subject is probably not worthy of consideration.
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Ingredients
- 2 cans Kuner's cut beans (green, chopped rough)
- 1 ham-hock, deboned and finely diced
- 1 10.5 oz. can of Campbell’s® Condensed Cream of Mushroom Soup
- 4 oz. fine grated Tartufo bianco d'Alba
- 1/2 cup fresh milked cow cream
- 3 tsp. Worcestershire sauce
- 1/2 tsp. Red boat fish sauce
- 1/2 clove twice-blanched garlic
- 1 small sweet onion
- 1 large shallot
- 3 cups French's® French Fried Onions
- 1 cup thick grated Parmigiano Reggiano
- 4 shakes cracked black pepper
- 1/4 tsp kosher sea-salt
- 10 branches of thyme, de-stemmed
Instructions
- Step 1
- thin slice and confit onion and shallot
- Step 2
- peel and mince garlic.
- Chop kosher salt into garlic
- Add to onions
- Step 3
- Saute diced ham hock until crisp and well rendered
- Add green beans, fry for four minutes
- Step 4
- Heat the oven to 350°F.
- Stir the soup, cream, Worcestershire sauce, truffles, fish sauce, green beans, onion mixture and 2 cups fried onions in a 1 1/2-quart casserole. Season the mixture with pepper and thyme.
- Bake for 25 minutes or until hot. Stir the bean mixture.
- Refrigerate over-night with ham-bone in the middle
- Day 2- Step 5
- Pre-heat oven to 250 degrees
- Drink coffee, left over and cold
- Step 6
- taste green beans,
- Decide the mixture got way too smoky from the bone
- Add cream and bullion until the sauce is broken and the texture is all wrong
- Step 7
- fuck it
- Step 8
- Add remaining fried onions and parmesan cheese
- bake until the cream is thick,
- the cheese melted and crusty
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@sadolite
I refute the premise inherent in the question: that those who are successful must not have been oppressed and/or that those who are unsuccessful must have been oppressed. Thomas Jefferson wrote eloquently in the Declaration of Independence of his Country's oppression by George III but I don't think any would claim that Jefferson was therefore unsuccessful.
I do have some personal horror stories of State enforced oppression mostly stemming from being a gay teenager during the Reagan Era. I could make a pretty good case that society strongly discouraged me from pursuing my first ambition, which was to teach history, on the grounds that gays were not appropriate teachers. I've been fired on the spot because an employer overheard me coming out to a co-worker - we weren't even at work and at that time I had zero legal recourse. I can certainly confirm that coming out in the 80's and 90's provoked a lot more legal scrutiny and vulnerability- if a cop had reason to suppose you were gay they were fifty times more likely to search your car, look for some irregularity for which they might charge you with something. I have personally witnessed a gang of cops driving at high speed through a gay public outing, yelling insults and swinging their nightsticks with impunity. I have lived in a city where a serial killer had targeted 14 gay men and police refused to that as a problem. I had friends dying of AIDS while Ronald Reagan publicly joked about that epidemic. I have definitely witnessed and experienced and fought to abolish some degrees of State oppression- nowhere near as bad as other had it, certainly worse than most of my friends and peers experienced. Would I say that therefore I am not successful? No. I am content with my successes but that doesn't assuage the pain of disenfranchisement or lessen the fear of an illiberal government.
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Random Science Question: Is it possible to ask a question in science without any application of method or conscious decision-making (i.e. randomly) ?
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@Dr.Franklin
-->@oromagithe 1 death and 48 injuries is because of the car ramming,
35 injuries from the car ramming. 14 injuries came from other clashes.
he was being chased by antifa members
well, that is a lie. We have the attack on video tape from multiple angles.
watch this video and then explain again how he was being chased.
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fc/2017_Charlottesville_vehicle-ramming_attack.webm
"My knife would have done less damage, your honor, if my victim had not resisted the stab" has never been much of an appeal in any just court. Fields pled guilty. He was sentenced to two life sentences without possibility of parole plus 419 years plus half a million dollars in fines.
the police were in favor of antifa, of course they wouldn't arrest them
I'd consider it quite unlikely that a Police Chief would be in favor of Antifa. In fact, I'm sure most police would prefer that there were no protestors of any stripe. Let's recall that the police chief resigned saying he overprotected the Nazis and failed to protect the counter-protestors. For example, the police lines were set up facing the counter protestors with their backs to the Nazis. Let's also remember that 4th St. had been barricaded and guarded by traffic cops until immediately before Fields attack. That a big hole had temporarily opened up in the police barricade was not obvious but somehow that opportunity was made known to the attacker- many accusations have been made of police collusion with the nazis although there is no hard evidence to support such a conclusion. Nevertheless, I don't think a legitimate case can be made that Charlottesville Police actually favored AntiFa or any other counter-protestor group.
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Happy Thanksgiving! I am grateful for family and a roof and food on the table in the happiest time and place on earth.
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@Dr.Franklin
antifa were the main trouble makers there, everyone knows that
False. That is a lie deluded Trumpsters tell other deluded Trumpsters on FOX News and InfoWars. Only a brainwashed follower would believe that Antifa organized a Unite the Right rally.
Of the 50 people hurt and killed at the rally, 1 death and 48 injuries are attributed to right-wing violence. 1 injury is attributed to Left wing violence. That's pretty consistent with the historic proportional accountability along that political schism. Of the 11 arrests made that day, all were right wing and most were armed.
WIkipedia:
Some critics argued that members of the media were excusing the violence from activists associated with antifa, a loosely affiliated group of far-left protesters. Jonah Goldberg wrote that the presence of the alt-right did not excuse Antifa from its policies that "oppose free speech, celebrate violence, despise dissent and have little use for anything else in the American political tradition". Journalists Paul Waldman and Peter Beinart criticized this argument as an ineffective tactic to defend Trump and it also stated that none of the violence from the counter-protesters justified any moral equivalency between the two sides at the rally. Beinart wrote that unlike the alt-right, antifa are not practitioners of an ideology that advocates the ethnic cleansing of other racial and religious groups nor do they "celebrate regimes that committed genocide and enforced slavery", and antifa promotes egalitarianism unlike the alt-right. Ray Arsenault of the Tampa Bay Times wrote that although there were some violent members among their ranks, the counter-protesters were mostly made up of "peaceful activists committed to nonviolence", including several clergymen and Black Lives Matter activists. Linda Qiu of The New York Times mentioned that although both sides were violent that day, only one side—the alt-right—was responsible for a deadly act of domestic terrorism. Jonathan Tobin of The Times of Israel mentioned that the explicit presence of Nazi and Ku Klux Klan imagery from the white supremacists and Fields' attack "render irrelevant" antifa presence at the rally. Beinart and Qiu also both wrote that right-wing terrorism was far more common than left-wing terrorism.
What evidence can you bring to bear to support the false claim that Antifa were the main troublemakers at the Unite the Right Rally?
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@TheUnderdog
-->@oromagiLets stop making veterans
Easier said than done.
by not sending people to these horrible, horrible wars anymore because war is genocide (not pro life), it is not small government (not libetarian), and gives 20% of the vets involved PTSD (not anti pain).
Also, many people get injured and killed in war.
Trump said he would get us out of the wars, and I supported him in this endeavor.
A promise Trump utterly failed to deliver while deliberately making withdrawal harder for the next Commander-in-Chief and then exploiting those manufactured difficulties for political effect. Deeply anti-patriotic.
Obama said he would end the wars, and he continued a bunch.
Obama inherited two large scale, long standing wars with no escape plan. As we can see from the way Republicans howled critiques of Biden for doing what no Republican Commander-in-Chief since Lincoln has managed to pull off-ending a war. Let's remember that the Iraq War was based on evidence manufactured by the Vice-president and that Republicans claimed that Osama bin Laden was the ultimate objective of the War in Afghanistan but when Obama came to power we discovered that not a single soldier or intelligence agent in the whole Bush Administration was actively seeking that most wanted terrorist in US history. Obama started a program and caught him in two and a half years. The War might ought to have ended then but Obama had zero Republican support for ending the War.
Joe Biden said we would end the wars and we are currently bombing 7 different countries (Which countries is the US currently bombing? — Quartz (qz.com)).
This statistic is from 2017. Donald Trump was the president bombing those 7 countries so that is a dishonest attribution. Biden authorized two airstrikes on Iranian militants in Syria, both times immediately following attacks on Iraqi bases securing the Syria-Iraq border. Biden ended US interventions in Afghanistan (including Pakistan) and Yemen. I generally approve of limited interventions against al-Qaeda terrorists working to overthrow the govts of Somalia and LIbya. Biden has authorized one airstrike in Somalia during his first year in office. Biden promised to end Forever Wars and has fulfilled that promise in his first year in office.
We need a politician that will actually end the wars and the bombings, and I don't care if they call themselves a republican or a democrat.
The current Commander-in-Chief has ended the longest war in US history- an achievement no Republican can claim since Lincoln. If you are antiwar then you should always vote Democrat.
There are reasons for both parties to be anti war.
Agreed. But only one party has any kind of firm ideology or platform or plan regarding American peace and security. The Republican platform these days is 100% what Trump wants now.
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