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3RU7AL

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Is morality objective or subjective?
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@PGA2.0
But killing an innocent human being...
According to Christian doctrine, there is no such thing.

Remember "original sin"?

Doesn't god kill innocent teeny-tiny-babies every-single-day through miscarriage?

Why does god do that?

Doesn't the good-ol U.S.A. incarcerate innocent children?

Are homeless people "innocent" if the crime they are charged with is vagrancy?

Innocence seems to be rather subjective.
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Is morality objective or subjective?
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@PGA2.0
Do you think Chairman Xi cares if you survive?
All humans (mammals) are inculcated with a basic value hierarchy from birth.

(1) Protect yourself
(2) Protect your close friends and family
(3) Protect your territory

Your relationship with your parents is your model for your gods.

That's why gods are most often portrayed as king-sided-humans.

Your KING is modeled after your eldest sibling who's left in charge while your parents are away.

They continuously warn, don't make the gods mad! Do what I say or else they'll punish you!

Each of us devise our own strategies to accomplish these (3) primary-goals and juggle these power-models.

Many if not most of these strategies involve disregarding and or violating the rights of our competitors.

We like to call this NATURAL-LAW.

ANARCHISM = LAW OF THE JUNGLE

Without some mechanism to defend the defenseless, then AUTOCRACY (FASCISM) is inevitable.

HUMAN-RIGHTS BECOME MEANINGLESS.

The biggest proponents of ANARCHISM are the rich and powerful.

If you are pro-anarchism (Autarchism/Voluntarism/Minarchism) and you are NOT rich and powerful, then you have been BRAINWASHED.
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Decoding POLITICAL-DOUBLESPEAK with LOGIC
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@FaustianJustice
...and his concern for corruption was a distant second, if present at all.
I agree.  (IFF) Hunter Biden is accused of a crime (THEN) that alleged crime must be made explicit.

It makes no sense to put Hunter Biden at the top of the list, unless you have very good evidence that Hunter Biden is somehow the Master Architect or the Kingpin of Ukrainian Government Corruption.

Lots of people are paid millions of dollars to sit on corporate boards, and there is virtually zero barrier to entry.  This is not a crime.  It's a smear campaign.  Trump is counting on The Liar's Dividend.

Debunking fake or manipulated material like videos, audios or documents, ultimately could stoke belief in the fakery. As a result, even after the fake is exposed, it will be harder for the public to trust any information on that particular topic. [LINK]
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Decoding POLITICAL-DOUBLESPEAK with LOGIC
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@FaustianJustice
It is commonplace for the Justice Department to seek assistance from foreign governments in gathering evidence or providing access to witnesses, in both the investigative and the trial phases of criminal cases. With respect to Ukraine specifically, the United States has had a treaty on mutual legal assistance in criminal matters for nearly 20 years. [LINK]

Good point.  I'm stunned that this hasn't been mentioned up to this point.

Do you have any defense of Giuliani's involvement?
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DEISM is functionally identical to ATHEISM
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@Wylted
Adding a deistic, "intelligent designer" does absolutely nothing to inform the concept of human-morality (which preoccupies religion).
I think it is just philosophical asking unanswerable questions like whether god exists.
Saying, "I think it is just philosophical" dismantles every conversation you've ever had.

Politics is "just philosophical".

Religion is "just philosophical".

Leaping to the conclusion that certain questions are "unanswerable" ignores logic itself by appealing to ignorance.

When properly framed with rigorously defined terms, all questions are necessarily "answerable".

(IFF) you believe that a universe with gods AND a universe without gods are identical (THEN) gods are indistinguishable from non-existent.

This kind of conclusion begs-the-question of your specific definition of "gods" and your Standards-of-Evidence for "existence".

(IFF) your definition of gods is indistinguishable from no-gods (THEN) your gods are are tautologically moot.

People only care about morality in so far as how much certain morality benefits them. Usually the weak wanting to place rules on the strong
This is an interesting observation, but appears to be wholly disconnected from the question of whether or not gods exist.
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DEISM is functionally identical to ATHEISM
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@EtrnlVw
Even in Deism, the change should be dramatic, the difference lies in application.
Please be more specific.
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DEISM is functionally identical to ATHEISM
Because DEISTIC gods are functionally indistinguishable from no-god(s).
No not at all, this is where you fail over and over.
Please be more specific.  How does a DEISTIC (intelligent designer) inform human-morality?

Because beliefs are everything, they form the very foundation of what you can actually experience. It's not just about beliefs but application.
What do you think is the application of a DEISTIC hypothesis?

So the experiences differ dramatically from atheism, this should be obvious.
I'm pretty sure it's not obvious.

What you believe in is a reflection of your own experience.
Ok,

If you want transcendent experiences you have to apply that reality to yourself.
This sounds like putting the-cart-before-the-horse (motivated reasoning).

Why do you think Jesus distinguished great faith from little faith?? because one produces more than the other.
Any appeal to faith is a naked appeal to ignorance.
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@EtrnlVw
The "logically necessary" prime-mover/sustainer is another.
No it isn't. It can be, but we have yet to establish that. God would be necessary for a created environment. That would be the first step. Then we could argue about which God interpreted is the most accurate, however not necessary.
Which gods are the most accurate?
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@Mopac
Try instead maybe to describe what you think the other person is saying to the point that they are satisfied with your explanation. Simply working towards that will bring about good discussion that fleshes out the subject. More importantly, it brings people together in understanding.
Let me know how that works out for you.
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@Wylted
I have a hard time seeing how it matters if they are functionally the same if you are debating for a God. Either he exists or does not is what matters in that argument, even if he does exist as how deists imagine
A deistic god has no rule-book.

A universe created by a deistic god is identical to the universe imagined by an atheist.

Adding a deistic, "intelligent designer" does absolutely nothing to inform the concept of human-morality (which preoccupies religion).
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Is morality objective or subjective?
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@Athias
It emphasizes our epistemological limits (AND) it "answers" idiotic questions claimed to be the exclusive domain of religion.
Does it emphasize or answer? Or is it a mere and unavoidable logical statement (much like p and not p?) The meaning is contingent upon one's acceptance of logic.
Yeah, it is like "p or not p".  Although, by naming it, NOUMENON feels more substantial, it seems to take on a "thingness", even though it is defined as being technically unknowable and or incomprehensible.  In the same way that gods are sometimes described as Magum Mysterium.
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@Athias
Is there knowledge beyond us?
That's tricky.

(IFF) knowledge is consciously retrievable information stored inside a brain (THEN) there can be no knowledge "beyond" human comprehension.
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@Athias
It's a mere negation which cannot provide any sort of information.
The mere concept of NOUMENON does not contain any sort of information (other than simply "epistemological limit").
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@Fallaneze
Logically fallacious reasoning (red herring, ad hominem, etc.) prove that there are objectively more rational approaches to your beliefs. The parameters that define rationality are objective.
Although not everyone agrees that logically fallacious arguments are invalid.  In fact, there is a lot of evidence that appeals to fear and appeals to authority and appeals to emotion are generally much more compelling than appeals to pure reason.
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@Athias
Is it simply "that's the law" or is there some utility (political/economic) it serves?
Most humans have parental instincts and since the law is written as a consensus of social norms (mob rule), this is part of the law.

Protecting infants does have some utility, since a society cannot survive without infants, and furthermore, orphans often make good soldiers.
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@Athias
Then what meaning is there in conceptualizing that which is beyond our ability to comprehend? How do we even conceptualize that which is beyond our capacity to comprehend in the first place?
It emphasizes our epistemological limits (AND) it "answers" idiotic questions claimed to be the exclusive domain of religion.
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@Athias
Is there "knowledge" beyond us? (And I'm not talking about the yet to be known.)
Well, logically, we know it can't be "no-thing".  Because there can't be "no-thing".  There is no such thing as "no-thing" because it can only be no-where and no-size and no-shape and no-substance and no-information.  It actually defines itself out of existence (Ex Nihilo).

If it can't be "no-thing" then it must be NOUMENON (not some-thing, but also not-nothing).
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@Athias
We'll use your princess and the pea story. You said that "Clearly there is something under the bed," suggesting ontological objectivity; now this is independent (does not rely) of detection. But does this infer separation or isolation? The detection is fundamentally tied to the something under the bed (otherwise what are you attempting to detect) but it's being something under the bed is not informed by one's detection.
Thank you, that actually makes a lot of sense.

Subjectivity is a manifestation of NOUMENON.

They are not fundamentally separate, they are necessarily and fundamentally similar (de facto MONISM), HOweVer, LOGICALLY we cannot "reverse-engineer" our subjective manifestation to derive "incomprehensible objective truth".

We can only say that NOUMENON is a logical necessity.  It denotes the (the somewhat fuzzy) barrier between the known and the unknown, between the knowable and the unknowable between the comprehensible and the incomprehensible.  It is MAGNUM MYSTERIUM. [LINK]

It's like the border of the observable universe.  We know there's a border.  There is no logical contradiction with identifying the border.  What's on the other side of that border?  NOUMENON.
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@Athias
That question wholly depends on the law-of-the-land.
What ought to be the law of the land?
Law is codified mob-rule.
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@Athias
Human instinct.  Some people have it and some don't.  There is no intrinsic or universal "obligation".
Legal obligation?
Perhaps.  Based on the-law-of-the-land.
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@Athias
Once the umbilical is cut (and or other direct nutrient connection), depending on the law-of-the-land, that mass of cells may qualify for citizenship (and associated rights) of that land.
And if it doesn't qualify?
Then it is at the mercy of its environment.  Just like any other creature.
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DEISM is functionally identical to ATHEISM
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@ethang5
In time you will come to accept the truth that you don't control me and therefore I need no excuse to do what I like.

And that I could not be less interested in your opinion of my reasons.
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There'll never be closure on whether God exists
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@ethang5
In time you will come to accept the truth that you don't control me and therefore I need no excuse to do what I like.

And that I could not be less interested in your opinion of my reasons.
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@Athias
But why is there an obligation to begin with?
Human instinct.  Some people have it and some don't.  There is no intrinsic or universal "obligation".

Why can't she just leave it there?
Once the umbilical is cut (and or other direct nutrient connection), depending on the law-of-the-land, that mass of cells may qualify for citizenship (and associated rights) of that land.

And if she has a home-birth, does the infant automatically become a citizen once it leaves her body?
That question wholly depends on the law-of-the-land.
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There'll never be closure on whether God exists
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@ethang5
In time you will come to accept the truth that you don't control me and therefore I need no excuse to do what I like.

And that I could not be less interested in your opinion of my reasons.
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DEISM is functionally identical to ATHEISM
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@ethang5
In time you will come to accept the truth that you don't control me and therefore I need no excuse to do what I like.

And that I could not be less interested in your opinion of my reasons.
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@Athias
Anything living inside my body, and feeding off the nutrients I consume is part of me.

This would include any tumors and or parasites, regardless of how unique (or distinct) their DNA coding is.
Then explain how this rationale creates an obligation to that which is outside your body, not (necessarily) feeding off the nutrients you consume?
When that mass of cells leaves your body and its connection to your consumed nutrients is physically severed, then, at that moment, that, newly independent mass of cells may be granted citizenship (if it meets the necessary prerequisites to qualify for citizenship).

If the former host does not wish to continue feeding the new citizen, then it becomes a ward of the state.
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@Athias
I just don't conflate "independent" with "isolated"...
Ok, master hair-splitter, what's the functional/relevant/salient/germane distinction between "independent" and "isolated"?
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DEISM is functionally identical to ATHEISM
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@Mopac
I think we can all agree that belief in the existence of God/gods is not the same as lack of belief in God/gods, and even the opposite of outright denial of the existence of God/gods.
Yes, but what is the practical upshot?

What MORAL-MATHEMATICS are logically deducible from DEISM?
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DEISM is functionally identical to ATHEISM
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@ethang5
In time you will come to accept the truth that you don't control me and therefore I need no excuse to do what I like.

And that I could not be less interested in your opinion of my reasons.
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There'll never be closure on whether God exists
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@ethang5
Genuine? Does the following exchange seem genuine to you?
When your bald-assertions fail to be compelling, RUSH TO DISQUALIFY YOUR OPPONENT!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
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@Athias
Thus, we either concede that all knowledge is subjective--or to go even further "created"
Or an inevitable consequence of factors we can never fully know.

--or that there is such a thing as the objective, and logic is our bridge.
It sounds like you are simply jumping into the "objectivity" bandwagon because you don't like the smell of "subjectivity".

Please explain how "logic" makes one more coherent than the other.
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@Athias
This is not to be confused with what we've yet to know which will involve either the creation of new abstracts or the re-rationalization of old ones.
(Magnum Mysterium) versus (Mysterium Invisus)

I'd say that "existence" is probably not the best word to describe noumenon (mainly because the definition of "exists" requires empirical verifiability).  I believe it is a mistake to imagine noumenon as some sort of "thing" when it is merely an amorphous concept that acts as a place-holder for both "what we don't currently know" (Mysterium Invisus) and "what may be fundamentally unknowable" (Magnum Mysterium).  For example, noumenon might be eleventy-trillion layers of sci-fi multiverse, noumenon might be an elaborate alien computer simulation, noumenon might be Brahma's dream, noumenon might be a single super-intelligent (but not omniscient) demiurge that we humans are merely appendages of.  In all likelihood, it is conceptually, literally, ultimately and completely beyond our ability to comprehend.  All of this makes it very very very difficult for me to believe that we can consider (with any degree of confidence whatsoever) that noumenon is itself comprised of 100% pure, uncut, "objective reality".  I mean since noumenon may involve a great many (likely) possibly subjective layers (simulation/dream/multiverse) below our primitive perceptions, although we can deduce with the confidence afforded us by our logic, that there must be, at some level, "real" and "true" and "objective" "reality", we cannot have any confidence that what we are able to perceive has anything-at-all to do with the-hypothetical-objective-essence directly.  It's like the old story of the princess and the pea.  Clearly there is "something" under the bed, but what are the chances that a normal person would be able to detect it through ninety-nine high-quality mattresses(?).
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@Athias
By assuming a limit to what we can know, we are necessarily positing the existence of that which we can't know.
Are you familiar with Gödel's incompleteness theorems?

A mind CANNOT know everything about itself.
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@Athias
This DNA standard is impractical.

I am proposing a more practical standard.

Please feel free to modify and or paraphrase and or criticize the logic of this proposal and or propose an entirely new standard of personhood.

Your substantiating your biomass standard will suffice.
Anything living inside my body, and feeding off the nutrients I consume is part of me.

This would include any tumors and or parasites, regardless of how unique (or distinct) their DNA coding is.
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@Athias
I haven't once mentioned unique. I did however mention distinct.
Unique DNA code is functionally identical to Distinct DNA code.

More of your pointless hair-splitting.
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@Athias
(IFF) your cancerous tumor is granted human rights (THEN) it has the right to an attorney.

In the same way, a landlord is not allowed to cut power and water for tenants who fail to pay their rent.
Now the dispute is "what are human rights"?

If the cancer threatens its host, and it does, then the host can defend itself by effectively ending the threat.
Excellent point.  So what would you propose if the example was a benign (non-life-threatening) cancerous tumor?
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@Athias
No one disputes this. But it's still not part of the inception of human development. Much like boiling an egg, I need the egg, but selecting the egg doesn't mean that I'm actually boiling it.
I'm talking about STEP #1.

What's STEP #1?

STEP #1, select an egg.  STEP #2, select a pan.  STEP #3, select a stove.  STEP #4, fill pan with water...
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@Athias
You proposed that personhood is determined by unique DNA.
No, I didn't. I answered affirmatively to this question of yours:

Are you suggesting that DNA determines personhood? Y/N
Hair-splitting.
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@Athias
(IFF) we adopt a DNA standard of personhood (AND) a cancerous tumor grows by making copies of its own distinct DNA code (THEN) the cancerous tumor must be considered a person.
And if we do, how would that undermine my argument that its host bears it no obligation?
Your proposal, DNA = personhood = human rights.

(IFF) your cancerous tumor is granted human rights (THEN) it has the right to an attorney.

In the same way, a landlord is not allowed to cut power and water for tenants who fail to pay their rent.
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@Athias
I don't disagree with you that understanding the factors contributes to the understanding of human development. But we're not discussing the comprehension of human development; we're discussion its inception. And merely selecting an egg and selecting a sperm is not a part of it.
I'm pretty certain that if you fail to select a viable human egg and a viable human sperm, you will fail to produce a viable blastocyst.

You began as a gleam in a cave-man's eye.
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@Athias
But that's exactly the point.

The cancerous tumor has no legal recourse, no voice, no advocate to protect its existence from being extinguished by the tyrannical human it lives inside.
And what argument does this point serve?
(IFF) we adopt a DNA standard of personhood (AND) a cancerous tumor grows by making copies of its own distinct DNA code (THEN) the cancerous tumor must be considered a unique and identifiable person with its own right-to-life.
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@Athias
Every necessary event that led to the moment of your birth is integral to your existence.
I am not disputing this. However, human development isn't concerned with the plethora of choices and experiences that shapes one's existence. It's concerned with the processes that create, change, and end the human body.
You appear to define "human development" as limited to "sperm meets egg" until "lowered into incinerator" and you seem to be disregarding a number of critical prerequisites.

In order to understand "human development" you must account for all of the factors that contribute to human propagation.

For example, if an alien read your book, "human development" and the book stated, get a human sperm cell and a human egg cell and that makes a human, and then the alien flew off to earth and got a sample of human sperm and human eggs and mixed them together, would they have a human?

Probably not.  They'd need a few more things and slightly more information.
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@Athias
If the food that I eat is converted into fuel for a mass of cells in my body, then those cells are part of my person
Substantiate how this relates to constituting personhood.
You proposed that personhood is determined by unique DNA.

This DNA standard is impractical.

I am proposing a more practical standard.

Please feel free to modify and or paraphrase and or criticize the logic of this proposal and or propose an entirely new standard of personhood.
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@Athias
I'll accept your preferred definitions and or common dictionary references.
I'm asking you for your definitions because I'd rather not presume that you're conflating commesurate with determine, especially when your argument operates on "tiered" rights standard.
Please explain what you believe are the critical distinctions between the two.

I would say I'm using "determines" as a synonym for "is the sole deciding factor" not "proportional or measurable by a common standard".

(A) (IFF) DNA is the sole deciding factor of human-rights (THEN)...

(B) (IFF) DNA is proportional or measurable by a common standard to human-rights (THEN)...

Pick one, or create your own paraphrase.
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@Athias
Seem is not an argument; and it doesn't contradict my argument at all. If we were to entertain that personhood is commensurate with DNA similarity, they are still apart of one's person. If one cell has a dispute with another, then let them take it to court or preferably hire a private mediator.
But that's exactly the point.

The cancerous tumor has no legal recourse, no voice, no advocate to protect its existence from being extinguished by the tyrannical human it lives inside.
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@Athias
And your (counter-factual) position is that you do know everything?
No, my counterfactual is that i know what I know,
I agree.

I know what I can know,
There are some things that I can know in the future that I don't currently know.

and I don't know what I can't know,
I also agree that I don't know what I can't know, but this doesn't exclude learning things that you can know but don't currently know.

making it meaningless.
I disagree.  Acknowledging that there is logically necessary information that you will never know is integral to understanding your epistemological limits and avoiding hubris.

There is information we don't currently know that we will know, but there is also fundamental information that we can only speculate about and never verify.

NOUMENON is an abstract place-holder for that fundamental information, for example, "what, if anything, "caused" the big-bang?" and "is the movement of quarks truly "random" or are their movements subject to some non-local hidden variable?"

I don't need to quantify it by presuming everything.
It sounds like we agree, but you're reading something into the word "NOUMENON" that I'm not.
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@Athias
Human Development beginning at fertilization is tautological.
No, it's AXIOMATIC.

It's an arbitrary ONTOLOGICAL choice that you've made.


Every necessary event that led to the moment of your birth is integral to your existence.

When your grandfather won the championship high-school football game with a last minute hail-mary pass, this rocketed his social status and earned him the attention and then the affection of your grandmother, this was the moment you became inevitable.
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@Athias
Gene expression is interesting, but I fail to see how it's relevant to this discussion.
Then once again, what would be a more practical standard in determining personhood?
Biomass.  If the food that I eat is converted into fuel for a mass of cells in my body, then those cells are part of my person (regardless of DNA).
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@Athias
While all your cells may not be identical, they are part of your person. And if one wants to excise any of them with impunity, my arguments wouldn't reject it.
Although it does seem to contradict your DNA = person AXIOM.
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