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@Theweakeredge
That is not what intelligence is at all... That is applicable knowledge, which, contrary to popular belief, isn't that. Intelligence is the ability to understand and comprehend concepts
If I may offer, I do not believe you'll gain much from this exchange with zedvictor. It's apparent at this point that he's seeking your "kowtow" rather than guesses at his esoteric puzzles (hence, his "taunt" above at supposedly the entirety of DART for not indulging this farce for several days.) If I were in your position, I'd just let this thread plunge into the annals of subjects forgotten. Just some friendly advice.
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@Conway
A market economy is the natural result of autonomy, property, and specialization.
Yes.
Profit may be a necessary and healthy priority for survival, but it is not necessarily the primary motivation of individual contributions to the economy.
There are no "necessary" motivations in economics. Only motivations. The profit-motive is a logically consistent aspect of economics.
Karl Marx coined the term, capitalism.
No he didn't. Capitalism has roots in Mercantilism and French Physiocracy. Etienne Clavier and David Riccardo used the term before Marx did, not to mention Proudhon and Louis Blanc.
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@Sum1hugme
Capitalism vs socialism is definitely a spectrum. And people's stance towards each will vary depending on the issue. (Like, should healthcare be socialized or privatized? What about roads?) But a totality of either on every single issue is patent extremism.
Actually, they're not. One's feelings on the two may be nuanced, but the systems as they relate to each other aren't.
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@Theweakeredge
Why do people continuously insist: "Either Capitalism or Socialism", clearly both economic systems have their faults
What are the faults with Capitalism?
Why is it that in other regards can we see that there are middle grounds, third options, etcetera, but in this specific field I've overwhelmingly seen support in one or the other way.
To presume that the "solution" is found on middle ground is fallacious reasoning (argumentum ad temperantiam.)
I think that the faults of either are inescapable in their purest forms. In a capitalist society any short term loss for long term profit, in a Socialistic one the way it can be set below the minimum standard. Now, Capitalism does not solve the problems of Socialism, not in a long term anyways; the same is true of Socialism on Capitalism. It is true, of what I've studied, that devaluing the work actually done to obtain, manufacture, create, etc, the product will do nothing but harm in the long run.
This doesn't necessarily lists the faults with either Capitalism or Socialism.
Instead I would just propose an idea, could there not be a mix of the two? Either keeping some elements of both, or mixing them to a point of making something new? Is that not attainable?
You'd first have to understand Capitalism and Socialism. Capitalism is the production and dissemination of goods and services by private entities. Socialism is the regulation of production and dissemination of the aforementioned by a collective (typically a State.) Next, you'd have to elucidate the ends any economic system is to meet, and determine which of the two, and how each of those two, would meet those ends. Last, you'd have to determine the deficiencies, if any, of either economic system and determine how adopting some mechanisms from the other could sustain the adopted mechanisms of the system currently in use. As it happens, Capitalism and Socialism are diametrically opposed.
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@zedvictor4
As erudite as ever Mr A.
Are you trying to be the professor Trelawney to my Hermione? Because I wouldn't object.
Nonetheless, regarding the veracity of popular GOD stories, you are still no nearer shifting the burden of proof from your shoulders.
Historical accounts, before the photograph/camera (or maybe even in spite of it,) will lack observational data. So it simply reduces to the applied metrics you trust. And I don't shift burdens of proof; I meet them. But, I'm under no obligation to meet the burden of substantiating the veracity of "popular GOD stories" because I neither affirm their truth, nor negate the proposition of their truth. Since in my experience debating you over the subject, you've been the only one as far as our exchanges go to broach subjects of the Bible, perhaps you should decide whether its your own concern, or the concern of onus probandi who substantiates these "popular GOD stories."
And as ever I have nothing to prove.
That's contingent on the arguments you propose.
I, like most people, would love to know the reason for the existence of matter....But, a chap went up a mountain and had a chat with a GOD....Pull the other one, it's got bells on..... I certainly don't feel the need to disprove these sort of tall tales.
Since when does onus probandi concern how you "feel"?
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@MisterChris
That's a generally accurate standard, but there is a level of nuance I think from topic to topic that it doesn't account for. For example, topics related to positive good fit your standard. If we argue that there is a positive good to installing a 5G network in the United States, then the negative does not bear BoP and can simply say "I see no evidence of the affirmative" if we do not substantiate the claim with evidence that proves a positive good without reasonable doubt. Likewise, If we argue that there is a negative effect of 5G, then the negative could say "I see no evidence of the affirmative" and win if we do not substantiate our claim with evidence that proves a negative effect without reasonable doubt.
The concern isn't winning a debate, but logic. The onus always rests with the one who affirms. Nullifying your opponent's affirmation doesn't substantiate one's own affirmation--unless that affirmation is that one's opponent will/can not substantiate his/her affirmation. In addition, nullifying your opponent's affirmation neither negates your opponent's affirmation nor does it prove the inverse of the proposition your opponent affirms. So if one affirms "not p" then this isn't substantiated by your opponent's failure to prove "p." That would be an argument from ignorance (argumentum ad ignorantiam.)
This is true. But "substantiating an affirmation" does not translate to having the BoP of proving that God doesn't exist beyond a reasonable doubt. "Substantiating the affirmation" could just as easily be the athiest arguing they only have to prove that there is no substantial evidence for God's existence
No, it cannot. Because the failure of your opponent to provide information to his/her affirmation does not provide information to your own affirmation, unless again your affirmation directly focuses on the capacity to substantiate your opponent's affirmation. It does not substantiate the affirmation of the proposition's negation. Furthermore, it must be pointed out that there's a difference between "there's no substantial evidence for God's existence" and "my opponent has failed to provide substantial evidence for God's existence." The latter is a subject of onus probandi while the former is a subject of ontology.
a belief in something with no evidence is a fallacy in of itself.
No, it's not. A belief doesn't necessarily require evidence. Like Cher, I too believe in "love after love" but I'm not required to provide anything more than that mere statement. You're thinking of a "bald assertion" which is affirming one's conclusions without substantiating one's premises.
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@Lit
Yes, you're right. I tripped up. Put prove and disprove in place of affirm and disaffirm in my post, because it being a responsive act would necessitate these two actions.An independent claim would be an invention by man and showing it to those who don't know it exists. This is independent and separate from man. A person doesn't independently say God exists because it is based off a stirring in the conscience. Similarly, a person cannot deem themselves to say God doesn't exist unless there are reasons which touch the conscience to reject. This is responsive.
What do you mean by "stirring in the conscience"?
For example, saying the apparent order of the universe credits the existence of God is based off a stirring in the human conscience because we perceive order.
This presents a teleological issue--i.e. the perceived ends an entity serves necessarily is a consequence of creation for that specific end. For example, evolutionary psychology suffers immensely from this issue when making claims like gender roles necessarily manifest from a reproductive economy.
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@zedvictor4
Atheists do not make claims, and so have nothing to prove.
Yes you do. I wouldn't presume to say all of you, but some (if most) of you do.
Theists claim that specific GODS exist.
(Some) Atheists claim that specific GODS DO NOT exist.
Atheists do not claim that GODS do not exist....
That is a lie.
.All that atheists require is for you to unequivocally substantiate your claim.....
This is also a lie. I cannot speak for all atheists. But I can speak to my experience broaching this subject with you. You don't require unequivocal substantiation. You require a presentation of a material nature, and a reproduction of the supernatural feats mentioned in the Bible.
And then we can all be true believers together.
The fact that your contention centers on "belief" makes methinks that thou doth protest too much.
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@Lit
When it comes to the existence of God, man doesn't have a place to affirm or disaffirm. The reason is that saying God exists or does not exist isn't an independent claim, but a responsive one.
Man does have a place to affirm or negate. And independent claims, which I presume you mean to mirror "objective" claims are irrational. So is the affirmation of nonexistence.
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@zedvictor4
Theists will always try and shift the B.O.P. because they have no actual proof of their claim.So you're right...Theists make the claim....It's their B.O.P.Atheists cannot disprove something that theists cannot prove.
Then don't argue from ignorance and use the failure to provide information to the effect of God's existence as information for its inverse argument. That is logically inconsistent.
And if theists could actually prove the existence of their specific GOD....Then rational thinkers would cease to be atheists.
Is it "rational" to employ a No True Scotsman fallacy?
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@Tradesecret
@zedvictor4
@MisterChris
@Intelligence_06
@Juice
Religious people bear the BoP. Provide an argument against this statement.
The burden of proof rests with whoever affirms. So, if one were to affirm the existence of God (i.e. "God does exist") then the one who affirmed the aforementioned would bear the onus to substantiate said affirmation. If one were to affirm the nonexistence of God (i.e. "God does not exist") then the one who affirmed the aforementioned would also bear the onus to substantiate said affirmation.
The notion that Atheists merely bear no burden of proof because of the prevailing notion "we don't have to prove a negative" is nonsense.
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@3RU7AL
They did seem to suggest that perhaps the numbers are coded letters.Perhaps it's not a "sequence of numbers" but rather a "sequence of letters represented with numbers".
If that were the case, the last number would be 1, given that number would still represent the coded letter. It may have been something else if it were meant to denote someone's name, or the name of well-known corporate entity. But zedvictor had already dismissed the submission of number 1, as well as the notion that his arrangement is a sequence. Maybe it's meant to denote letters on a scrabble board. Without the parameters, one would just have to grab a handful of spaghetti and take aim.
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@zedvictor4
If you could, you would.
As an authority on that which I "would" do, let me tell you that I wouldn't. Hence, I didn't.
And of course, the parameters are currently only known to me...That's the nature of a puzzle....The whole idea is that you have to work it out....or it wouldn't be a puzzle.
Not at all. I'm familiar with number puzzles. Normally, the parameters are provided at first, and the numbers are to be provided by the one solving the puzzle. Your puzzle is simply "guess what number I'm thinking of?" The moment you stated that there was no "sequence," you made this a matter of reverse-engineering from a sample of infinite numbers.
I might as well just tell you the answers otherwise.
Or you can conceive a puzzle that relies less on guessing.
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@3RU7AL
It's easy to fabricate an impossible riddle.
Not only that, but the parameters can be changed at my whim before revealing the answer. So, for example, when I proposed this number puzzle, "93100000000?" the answer to this puzzle is 0, given that the parameters were based on constructing a 12-digit series which has its first digit the same as the total amount of zeros, has a second digit that represents the total amount of factors the first digit has, has a third digit that represents the frequency of the first digit, as well as have all first three digits be factors of the first digit. Without the parameters, that number could've been anything. And even if someone gave me the right answer, I could've changed the parameters to, as an example, one where the first digit doesn't represent the amount of zeros, but one that is three times the amount of the last digit (931000000003.) It's not a test of "mental acuity" but a guessing game.
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@zedvictor4
So, you still can't solve them?
I'm not presuming to "solve" a puzzle which bears parameters known to just you. If you noticed, I didn't even bother taking a guess.
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@3RU7AL
Part of what I'm trying to highlight is that there is no utility in believing that all people of similar skin-tone think and act in any sort of uniform way.
I understand, now.
BbbbBBbbBBbbbut it's "science"!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Haha.
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@zedvictor4
Though how did you arrive at "hate".....You might be thinking along the right lines.
I don't believe that you know anyone on this forum well enough to "hate" them, or anything along those lines. Then again, you know yourself better than anyone else. Just suppose that your emotions are easily evoked. And that has little, if anything, to do with intelligence.
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@3RU7AL
You might enjoy this, [LINK]
This was an "interesting" watch. I'm not sure what a sample of six black women is supposed to help elucidate, but I suppose their geographic locations does lend itself to questioning the influence of American culture on so-called "Black" people.
I was somewhat "vexed," for lack of a better term, by one of Latreese's answers where she admits she beats her one year-old daughter, and forbids ("doesn't allow" were her words,) her husband to do same. Beating a child must only be traumatic when done by the father--not that I would endorse beating one's child. That response was reeking with "black feminism."
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@3RU7AL
Imagine for a moment that a tribe of Yalyuwara were to evaluate your "general intelligence" and or "general fitness".I think most of us might look like complete idiots to them.I think most of us might be unable to find our way back to camp by ourselves.I think most of us might be unable to find water on our own.I think most of us might be unable to avoid common predators and poisonous plants and insects, if left to ourselves.When "evaluating" something (or someone) 99.99% of the "problem" is predetermined by the selection of the measuring method itself (and the creator of the measuring method).
Exactly. Your analogy is quite apt. Even the creator of the I.Q. foresaw its abuse. It's not my intention to suggest that the I.Q. can't be useful, but there's a lot mythology surrounding it.
And what does taking the "average I.Q." and juxtaposing them among your so-called "races" intend to indicate?Great question.
Historically, these indications were used to euthanize "undesirable" demographics in the early twentieth century if I'm not mistaken.
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@zedvictor4
4This was the puzzle I posed:1 2 5 20 1 4 5 20 ?What is the missing number.And here is another:Firstly Ethang5Secondly AthiasLastly Seldiora.But what was seventh?
Without the parameters, it's pointless to address either puzzle. For the first puzzle, I suspect that some "reverse engineering" has to take place, an oddity for number puzzles. Thus far, based on the information you've given, it's not a sequence, so the order in which they're placed or the consistency of any arithmetical operation which relates them are of no consequence. What are the restrictions? Is it a series of just nine numbers? Each number is a factor of 20. With the exceptions of "2" and "4," each number has a frequency of two. But this doesn't do much of anything without the parameters. We're not identifying that last number as much as we are guessing at the rules you've set when creating this series. For example: [93100000000?] What's the last number? That last number can be anything depending on my rules.
The same goes for the second puzzle. Mentioning my name in some order with other members indicates nothing more than mentioning our names. I don't think this reflects mental acuity as much as it reflects throwing spaghetti at the wall and seeing what sticks.
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@Theweakeredge
Hey, did I ever get back to that post I said I would? If I didn't think you could direct me to it's location? Because I feel bad if I said I would and hadn't gotten to it
You did. It was I who never got back to that discussion. I will at some point this week.
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@MgtowDemon
If you refuse to cite your claims, then you retract the point and concede the argument.
I've done neither. I do not concede the argument, much less retract my point.
That helps in the sense that I can now understand your grammatically incorrect sentence. This is what you originally wrote: "A conception no less, which by your description is malleable contingent on our "colloquial" understanding". It needs a comma between malleable and contingent, or else 'malleable contingent' becomes, functionally, a noun (which renders it void of sense).
It isn't grammatically incorrect. Your misinterpretation does not substantiate error on the part of any one else but yours. The adjectival/adverbial application of the term, "contingent," does not require a comma. In order to identify the term's adjectival/adverbial or nominal application, one simply needs to look at the other terms surrounding it. If the term, "contingent," was preceded by an article (e.g. "a, an, the, etc.") a relative pronoun (e.g. "who, whose, which, that, etc.") or the possessive case of a proper/common noun (e.g. "name's, person's, corporation's, etc.) then your contention about the term functionally serving its nominal application would be valid. However, since it is preceded by an adjective, not to mention followed by a preposition, it is clearly serving its adjectival/adverbial application. In this context, "contingent" is modifying the term, "malleable."
Please do go on. Continue to pass your confusion as "rules of grammar" as if your opponent were categorically unfamiliar with the aforementioned. Furthermore, if you require a source, then feel free to confirm at your own leisure.
All of the variables required for "classroom discipline" (e.g. work ethic, punctuality, persistence etc.) are not bundled into the term 'intelligence'.
You're arbitrarily selecting factors you believe are included in "classroom discipline" (i.e. "work ethic, punctuality, persistence, etc.)
Thus, the distinction is naturally assumed.
Another assumption based on your impressions. That is inconsequential.
Conscious recognition isn't a prerequisite for allegations of attempting to escape.
I'm not aware of the point this statement serves, but once again, not trying to escape consciously recognized or not.
I will continue to push for your sources.
And you'll receive my refusal in perpetuity.
It is absolutely necessary to use data, the scientific method and qualitative analysis of sources.
No it is not. Sources can be helpful to illustrate and communicate particular conclusions with the use of empirical data. They are not absolutely necessary. An argument either reflects a truth or a falsehood (and in many cases, the premises and conclusions can be inconsistent without either being necessarily true or false.) Either way, confirming the veracity of my statement is up to you. Do so at your own leisure.
If you refuse, then one of these things is true: (1) your claims are not backed by any source, or (2) you are too lazy to source your claims.
False dichotomy.
In either case, you are at fault, and in every instance you fault here, you concede the point.
Not a single part of that statement can be substantiated.
The capacity for everyone to check your previous posts is important. It allows inconsistencies, gish gallops, red herrings etc. to be weeded out by an attentive audience. This is often the function of a moderator in a debate.
Of course, under the presumption that posts prima facie consist of inconsistencies, gish gallops, red herrings, etc. A presumption, by the way, you have not substantiated. And this is the "forum," not the DEBATE section. This discussion we're having will go on virtually un-moderated.
It also allows for objectivity.
First, objectivity is irrational; Second, regardless of the source you cite, it will be biased.
seeing that we can refer to something everyone is privy to. Hence, "everyone" is very relevant and certainly not irrelevant.
I'm not having this dialogue with everyone. I'm having this dialogue with you. Everyone is free to look on; everyone is free to participate. Thus far, no one has done either. So who is this "everyone"?
My comments on race-related topics are all backed and informed by scientific research, not the other way around. Arguments made independent of such rigour are your uncited blurts.
Many perspectives, even conflicting ones, are backed by "scientific research." So what? Scientific research cannot be a placeholder for an actual argument.
My apologies for misconstruing your position, but this position is actually worse than what I thought you argued, and hence I thought you weren't arguing it.To say that intelligence "cannot be quantified", which implies into the future indefinitely, is pure arrogance and astronomically unlikely.
Another assumption based on an impression.
even in the near future, as science begins to 'find the genes' for various human traits, you will be proven wrong
But I haven't been "proven wrong"--not even by your alleged "Millennium Eye."
the intelligence-generating genes are found.
Have they been found? No? This postulate is of no consequence.
The whole scientific world disagrees with you. Psychometrics, including I.Q, are valid.
The amount of "agreement" my argument receives from the "whole scientific world" is irrelevant; furthermore, I.Q. does not and will never be able to quantify intelligence because intelligence is not quantifiable.
You purported yourself to be an authority on the topic, and thus you claimed you didn't need to cite sources to back your claims. That is a unique variation on an appeal to authority, but one nonetheless.
I did not "purport" myself to be an authority on the topic. Here, let's review:
MgtowDemon:
You've, for some reason, left out the entirety of the study I provided which provided to prove my point. I'm going to copy-paste it so you have another chance to respond to it:
Athias:
No, I disregarded it. But after perusing the study, I've come to the conclusion that you haven't read the entirety of your study, much less pay attention to the language used.
MgtowDemon:
Firstly, why did you disregard it? You haven't at all explained why. You simply ignored it and moved onto other parts of the post. You're only addressing it now because I am holding you accountable.
Athias:
Because I've read extensively on the I.Q. born from a fervor in my youth. Furthermore, your data does not rebut, refute, contradict, or even "counterargue" that "Black is not a race." Hence, I disregarded it.
Where did I appeal to my own authority? If I had tried to qualify the veracity of an argument by using my particular knowledge or experience as evidence, then that would be an appeal to authority. You asked me for the reason I chose not to read your source initially, and I responded by stating that I've read extensively on the I.Q. Where's the qualification? Where's the argument being qualified?
Before you allege that someone has imputed a fallacy, it may perhaps be prudent to know that which constitutes said fallacy.
Incorrect. "Black" can be a race, if given sufficiently low K in population divisions.
And an apple can be orange if sufficient conditions are met. This statement is inconsequential.
What I attempted to convey to you is that skin colour alone doesn't determine race all that well. It's fine for Europeans and Africans. It's not fine for Africans and Australian Aboriginals.
So "Black" is not a race.
This is precisely how we determine race (assuming the person hasn't migrated there recently. e.g. a Swedish person living in Turkey for a week).
Where in your source is your description of race reflected and explicitly stated?
Appropriate is substantiated in that, for example, lumping all Japanese, Chinese, Malaysians, Koreans etc. into Asian, isn't as accurate as dividing them further. Of course, there is infinite regression until the individual has his/her group, but the same logic applies to colours, and we take no issue calling things red, orange, yellow etc. (i.e. what is considered to be appropriate).
Argumentum ad antiquitatem. The trends and traditions one indulges (i.e. parsing colors) does not provide substantiation to "appropriate."
I must be typing to Stevie Wonder.
I'm neither the instrumentalist nor the musician he is.
African Americans frequently refer to themselves at 'black'.
Which "African-Americans"?
I have heard other Africans make identical references.
So?
On the contrary, I have never heard Australian Aboriginals refer to themselves as black (they do say 'black fella', though, black fella =/= black).
So your ecological inference is based on anecdotal evidence?
You provided a direct quote from a source without giving credit to the author.Therefore, you plagiarised.
We're not writing research papers. We're having a discussion. Had you read your own source, you would've noticed where it was from, rather than accuse me of "plagiarizing" it from a source, which, by the way, you failed to identify correctly. Furthermore, if I had intended to "plagiarize," then quoting the content would've been unnecessary. I would've simply passed it off as my own unaltered. Just wipe the egg off your face and move on.
The study demonstrates that genetic divisions fits ancestral geographic locations extremely well, virtually at a 1-to-1 ratio when sufficient genetic markers are used (160+). If you disagree, you haven't read the study properly (but at least you're reading it).
Irrelevant. I'm not challenging the "fit" of genetic clusters as it concerns ancestral geographic locations.
Populations of humans geographically separated who also interbred, and hence are physically and genetically distinguishable.
Where in your source is your description of race reflected and explicitly stated?
Clearly, for people to become admixed, there needs to have been race-mixing.
You're presuming that the reference to "populations" is a reference to "race." Another assumption based on your impressions.
Nobody knows, including you.
I do know. I know intelligence is abstract. And that intelligence is informed by definition only.
Nope. You simply failed to derive meaning from it.
Clearly, because there's no meaning to derive from it.
Lol racial I.Q. is an average, not a calculation of the individual's I.Qs. You don't seriously think I'm arguing that all African Americans have an I.Q of 85?
And what does taking the "average I.Q." and juxtaposing them among your so-called "races" intend to indicate?
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@Username
I know. It's not intended to discredit your description, but the motivation and consequence of the action.
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@TheUnderdog
That's when the fetus can feel pain.
Why does that matter?
The vast majority of pro lifers claim that if you don't want children, don't have sex, yet only 3% of the US population waits until marriage, so the vast majority of these people are hypocrites.
What does getting married have to do with "wanting children"?
The democrats advocate contraception use for people wanting to have sex and unwilling to concieve.
Yes, but even when using contraception, one is still risking pregnancy.
But pro lifers instead advocate for abstinence only education, which the stats show is counterproductive to reducing abortions.
I don't imagine that any type of education would reduce that which a woman has the legal privilege to elect.
So, then why don't pro lifers adopt kids if they are so concerned about life?
Hold on to this thought...
I'm not responsible for their deaths; I just didn't feel like saving them. Just as people shouldn't be forced to save a kid from hunger, people shouldn't be forced to bring a kid into the world.Thoughts?
You are not responsible for their deaths. And you're not charged with the responsibility of saving them, anymore than someone who assumes the pro-life position is charged with the responsibility of adopting 10,000,000 hungry children. It's not about numbers (e.g. someone who's hoplophobic--against guns--doesn't have to take the charge against diabetes and car accidents, which result in higher incidences of death.) You're arguing relative privation.
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@Username
He hasn't insulted me. He's only attempted. I don't initiate or reciprocate insults because I'm not concerned with his feelings, which he's clearly "in" to attempt an insult over an innocuous discussion.
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@MgtowDemon
Thirdly, I think if we referred to "black" as in "African American", as most African Americans like to do, then we'd be even more accurate racial grouping.
You don't know what "they like to do."
So this is referring to, "skin color, race, and ethnic". Again, as I demonstrated using Lynn's I.Q. data above, 'skin color' isn't necessarily accurate, so I'd agree with that. However, we can only infer what the study meant here, as it doesn't appear to detail which specifically it meant, but its results shows that 'race' is a very good proxy.
It's clear that you haven't read your own references:
In previous studies of human population structure, samples from several admixed populations defined by proxy (e.g., Ethiopian, Afro-Caribbean) were assigned to two or more genetically inferred clusters (Wilson et al. 2001; Romualdi et al. 2002). This was interpreted as evidence that proxies inaccurately reflect population structure. The results of our analysis indicate that the resolution at which human population structure can be detected is dependent on the number of loci tested, the amount of differentiation among populations, the sample size of each population, and the attempted level of resolution of population structure. Thus, only weak inferences can be drawn from the failure to detect population structure when a small number of genetic markers or a small sample size of individuals is used.Our analysis is based on samples from regions of Africa, Asia, and Europe that are widely separated from one another. Accordingly, these samples also maximize the degree of genetic variation among populations. The performance (and, hence, the power) of these markers to differentiate among populations from these continents would be reduced if samples were included from regions geographically intermediate between the regions sampled here (e.g., the Middle East, Central Asia). Indeed, detection of population structure and assignment of samples to the correct genetically inferred cluster was less accurate for samples from geographically intermediate southern India. Importantly, the inclusion of such samples demonstrates geographic continuity in the distribution of genetic variation and thus undermines traditional concepts of race. The results of our power calculations, however, are important because they set a minimum for the number of markers that must be tested to make strong inferences about detecting population structure when groups are widely dispersed.Group membership has commonly been assigned by place of birth (e.g., Africa, Japan), religious belief (e.g., Amish, Jewish, Hindu), language (e.g., Amerind, Khoisan), or physical traits (e.g., skin color). These proxies vary in the extent to which they reflect demographic trends or evolutionary forces that affect the distribution of neutral genetic variation. As a result, the concordance of each of these proxies to population structure inferred from neutral genetic data also varies. For example, an ethnic label such as “Mbuti” is an accurate guide to population structure, because it delimits a group that has differentiated from others as a result of reproductive isolation and genetic drift. In contrast, a proxy such as skin color is inaccurate, because it delimits a group (e.g., sub-Saharan Africans, New Guinea highlanders, and Australian aborigines) whose members are similar, vis-a-vis this trait, as a result of convergent natural selection. The situation is likely to be similar at many loci influencing disease susceptibility or drug response, highlighting the need to base inferences of population assignment on explicit genetic information. However, there are also notable examples in which disease alleles closely parallel population boundaries defined by a proxy (Splawski et al. 2002). A more balanced interpretation of human population genetics data is that a proxy is sometimes, but not always, an accurate guide to population structure.
And note that your study never defines race by geographic location. So what is your actual argument? Do you have anything other than impressions of what so-called "Blacks" or "African-Americans" "like to do"?
Yes, you can sub-divide these groups into categories that are no longer "African". Again, that doesn't mean you have to, and if you don't, you still get meaningful racial groups.
"Meaningful" racial groups? Define racial group.
It's saying that race-mixed people don't fit racial groups as easily because they have genetics from multiple races. What did you expect?
No, that's not what it is stating. It's stating that those of admix populations can have their genetic structure assigned to a geographic location with "some" level of accuracy.
Yes, we don't know for sure,
You don't know.
but that doesn't mean something highly probably
Meaningless impression.
If your doctor told you, "if you continue to eat this much food, you will probably die", would anyone ever respond, "hurrrr that is IRRATIONAL LANGUAGE.
Another inept analogy. If a doctor analyzed my blood and determined that my pancreatic and/or liver enzyme levels were dangerously elevated, and (over)eating would "likely" result in my death, that would be one thing. If a doctor told me that my pancreatic and/or liver enzyme levels were disparate from those with whom they'd categorize as belonging to same demographic as me, and that (over)eating would likely result in my death, then I'd seek a second opinion. Only after that, I'd yell, "hurrr that is IRRATIONAL LANGUAGE." The I.Q. reflects the latter, and is informed by no more than an ecological inference.
Do you understand how ridiculous you look?
You don't know how I look. If you intend to submit your impressions, then if you haven't gathered this so far, they don't concern me.
And for future reference, spare the fits of rage and respond at your leisure. You don't need to "block" me. Say the word, and I'll do you the courtesy of never responding to you again.
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@MgtowDemon
You still need to cite this claim: "the relationship between I.Q. and overall "success" typically has a covariance of just 0.3." Again, it is not the responsibility of the person you're talking to.
First, it is not a "claim." And as I've already informed you, I do not have any intention of providing you a link. Confirm at your own leisure. Or block me again at your own leisure.
If you are unable to cite your claims,
Unable has nothing to do with it. I do not have any intention of getting into a contest over links.
your claims are bare assertions, which are logical fallacies.
No one has asked you to "trust me." Besides, it would be counterintuitive since I've already told you to "confirm at your leisure."
Firstly, you never cited this claim: "And if you look into the history of I.Q. you'd discover that what was once colloquially defined as "intelligent" was physical strength."
Once again, not a claim. I made reference to the information. If you require confirmation from another party or source, then you can confirm at your leisure.
you are not fit for this discussion.
Then you know what you have to do.
Secondly, I assume you mean 'mealleably contingent', as opposed to "malleable contingent", because I've never seen the latter which is implied as noun (correct me if I'm wrong).
No. That would suggest that malleable is qualifying contingent. I meant "malleable contingent." And no, the syntax does not imply a noun. Here let me put in layman's:
"An [idea] no less, which by your description is [subject to change] [depending] on our [understanding of the language's ordinary use.] Does that help?
So, our "colloquial understanding" is being tested against I.Q. tests. This colloquial understanding isn't changing across studies. The fact that this colloquial understanding remains consistent, involves results which is replicable, and coincides with I.Q. test findings, shows that there is something real being measured here. Thus, this indicates this indicates that I.Q's attempted measure coincides with colloquial undertandings of intelligence.
In other words:
Does it "measure" intelligence, or reinforces the standards on which it is based (i.e. classroom discipline?)
Your argument is nothing more than a roundabout reflection of that which I've already stated.
Thirdly, since I think I need to be plainly said (since you miss the inference every time), these studies aren't the only studies required to prove that I.Q. is a valid metric of intelligence. These studies were used to counter-act your original claim of: "At best, it gives some speculative gauge of classroom discipline. Trying to quantify intelligence is like trying quantify "dancing skills" or a person's "appearance."" Thus, I presented these studies that show that general conceptions of intelligence (i.e. NOT classroom discipline, and not something as nebulous as "dancing skills") correlate with I.Q. test scores. That's all the studies were meant to do.
How have any of your studies made a distinction between the methodology of I.Q. and classroom discipline?
Fourthly, you still haven't cited this claim: "the relationship between I.Q. and overall "success" typically has a covariance of just 0.3." This isn't a verbal debate where you can use sophistry, deflects and pivots to escape. Everyone can go back and see you didn't cite this claim.
I never employ sophistry, nor do I try to "escape." You're pushing an exchange where we exchange sources to supplement our statements. I refuse. You're using my refusal to inform an alleged incapacity to inform claims with sources. Can't and won't are two different things.
And "everyone" is irrelevant. I'm not concerned with them, only that which you offer in this exchange.
Finally, I cited all the studies multiple times, of which you proceeded to say all "meant nothing" lol.
Yes, you've demonstrated a capacity to make reference to the rationalizations of others with the help of "links." Now, where's your actual argument?
At this point you're arguing that the "abstract" of intelligence doesn't exist.
Non sequitur. I stated that it can't be quantified. Not that it doesn't exist.
So you're arguing that psychometrics are completely worthless. LOL.
Not completely. They're entertaining.
So you are able to verify their "veracity", hence I am not merely "appealing to authorities".
No, I've been able to verify that they've made conclusions. Veracity is different.
LOL so now you're appealing to authority, something which you accused me of, and better yet you've made yourself the authority xD
No. You asked me to explain the reason I disregarded your citation. I told you the reason. Had I qualified the conclusion of an argument using myself as an "authority," then I would've been appealing to authority.
You are so obtuse lol.
Not an argument.
Okay so you've probably read only the abstract of the study lol (and then complained I hadn't read all of the study hahaha).
No, I read the whole thing. The information presented in the abstract and introduction explicitly provided the information I needed for my rebuttal.
Anyway, what this is saying is that the colour of your skin isn't sufficient to correctly group you in terms of race, in all cases.
So, Black is NOT a race. What are you arguing?
Now, I showed you data which suggested that despite this shortcoming, even if we used the super-broad term of African, we get very good race distribution of people into African, European and Asian (so long as the loci/SNPs are high enough).
No, you showed information which showed incidence of discovery of particular genetic structures in assigned geographic locations.
I would contend that we shouldn't use super-broad, K=3 categorisation of humans in place of better categorisations, and hence, if you actually read the study (instead of complaining that I haven't read it), it goes on to break down humans into far more appropriate categories wherein races (shown in figure 4).
No, it doesn't. It does break these samples down into categories. "Appropriate" has not been substantiated.
However, what I showed is that even if we use a super-broad term like African (which was implied when I used the term "black", we can genetically divide most of humanity incredibly well.
You've shown no such thing.
Finally, again, "black" is typically referred to as meaning "African", or in the United States (which was implied in my OP), to mean African American. No one refers to Australian Aboriginals as being black, despite having black skin.
What you "imply" has nothing to do with addressing my statement that "Black is not a race."
Firstly, you've literally copy-pasted all of this from this paper: doi:10.1086/368061 (cell.com) . It's amusing that you'd try to play this off as you painstakingly looking through all these studies yourself, you plagiarist dickhead. I have no idea why you thought you get away with this.
No, actually I copied and pasted all of that from here: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1180234/ the very source, you yourself cited. (It's located on the second paragraph of the Introduction.) Would it then suffice to state that my criticism of your not reading the entirety of your own reference was quite apt since you did not spot that snippet, and instead assumed it was from a different link? [One of the many reasons I don't get into contests over providing links.]
Furthermore, there's has been no plagiarism. Not only did I quote the information, but also I told you where I got it. Hence, there's no need for me to "get away with this."
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@MgtowDemon:
Firstly, why did you disregard it? You haven't at all explained why. You simply ignored it and moved onto other parts of the post.
Because I've read extensively on the I.Q. born from a fervor in my youth. Furthermore, your data does not rebut, refute, contradict, or even "counterargue" that "Black is not a race." Hence, I disregarded it.
You're only addressing it now because I am holding you accountable.
Accountable for what?
Secondly, how do you know I haven't read the entirety of the study or paid attention to the language used? Again, no explanation of a pretty sizeable claim.
Here:
Membership in these groups is commonly inferred by use of a proxy such as place-of-origin or ethnic affiliation. These inferences are frequently weakened, however, by use of surrogates, such as skin color, for these proxies, the distribution of which bears little resemblance to the distribution of neutral genetic variation. Consequently, it has become increasingly controversial whether proxies are sufficient and accurate representations of groups inferred from neutral genetic variation.
Historically, proxies such as skin color, race, and ethnic label have been used to make inferences about population structure, even in the absence of corroborative genetic data (Cooper 1994; Laveist 1997; Williams 1997; Aspinall 1998). As a result, there is a large body of literature comparing phenotypes between cohorts defined, for example, as “blacks” and “whites.” In recent years, the validity of this classification scheme has been criticized for its weak conceptual underpinnings and its strong assumptions about underlying biology (Lee et al. 2001; Wilson et al. 2001; Foster and Sharp 2002). Given the growing availability of large collections of human genetic data from populations throughout the world, it was anticipated that the reliability of such proxies would be resolved via empirical testing (Mountain and Cavalli-Sforza 1997; Rannala and Mountain 1997; Shriver et al. 1997). Instead, recent, well-publicized studies have led to disparate and sometimes contradictory conclusions (Wilson et al. 2001; Risch et al. 2002). The result has been increased polarization about the nature of human population structure and a widespread belief that all commonly used proxies correspond poorly to genetically inferred clusters (Witzig 1996; Goodman 2000; Schwartz 2001). However, contrasting interpretations of the same set of data (Wilson et al. 2001) suggest that the signal from these data is too weak to justify such strong inferences (Risch et al. 2002).
And that's just in Abstract and introduction.
To determine the amount of data needed to identify population structure and assign membership accurately, we used a data set of 60 microsatellites and 100 Alu insertion polymorphisms (hereafter referred to as “Alu markers”) to infer genetic clusters in a heterogeneous sample of >500 individuals from sub-Saharan Africa, East Asia, southern Asia, and Europe. We found that substantial genetic structure exists among samples from different continents, with samples from sub-Saharan Africa falling into two separate African-specific genetic clusters. Second, the geographic origin of individual samples, even from an admixed population, can be assigned with a moderate level of accuracy. Third, Alu markers and microsatellites have comparable power to detect population structure and assign origin, although accurate cluster assignment requires substantially more markers than have typically been tested. Fourth, the proxies associated with the samples used in this analysis were sometimes, though not always, sufficient representations of the inferred genetic clusters, reflecting the complex and interwoven history of the human species.
For the power analysis, we genotyped 100 Alu polymorphisms and 60 tetranucleotide microsatellites in 206 individuals in 20 ethnic groups from sub-Saharan Africa (58), East Asia (67), and Europe (81). The Alu polymorphisms were also genotyped in 55 individuals from these groups who lacked microsatellite data, including 33 additional Mbuti pygmies from the Ituri forest, 41 sub-Saharan Africans from another three ethnic groups, and 263 individuals in various caste populations from the subcontinent of India. Thus, a total of 565 individuals from 23 ethnic groups and southern India were used in subsequent tests of sample assignment to inferred genetic clusters.
We found that substantial genetic structure exists among samples from different continents, with samples from sub-Saharan Africa falling into two separate African-specific genetic clusters. Second, the geographic origin of individual samples, even from an admixed population, can be assigned with a moderate level of accuracy.
This is usually the consequence of regurgitating "studies" in lieu of an actual argument.
Thirdly, why would the second point even matter? Are you going to address the conclusions I make from the study or not?
Because language is important for communication.
Again, you really need to stop blindly asserting things. No reasonable person is going to accept that.
I am not. That is merely your impression.
We are using science to verify it. Why is this even a question?
Have you "verified" it? And what "science" are you using to verify it?
It's good that you agree intelligence exists.
No it isn't. My "agreement" is irrelevant.
Thus, we can delve into how to measure it (and I'd argue through I.Q.).
It cannot be measured. It's akin to measuring "happiness." (And they're plenty of "studies" on that as well.) They're abstracts which can't be quantified.
Similar to how "we don't know for sure" whether we will win the lottery or not, we can guess that we are not going to, based on the probability.
How is this analogy applicable at all? With the lottery, you win or you don't win. You can reduce it by analyzing the probability of determining a series of numbers within the domain, and the allotted amount of selections. But how does that at all reflect the methodology in "calculating" the I.Q.? You're randomly taking the notion of "probability" and citing it without context.
No reasonable person, as you're doing here, will hammer on about "we don't know for sure", and refuse to guess.
I don't refuse to "guess." The number only bears the credibility I give it.
"we don't know for sure" doesn't mean "we have absolutely no idea and cannot make guesses which are probably true"
"Probably true" is irrational language. Here let me try:
The illuminati "probably" exists.
Sugar-free ice cream is "probably" real.
JFK was "probably" murdered by the mafia.
You'll "probably" die from smoking cigarettes.
Your marriage will "probably" end in divorce.
You'll "probably" die from a car accident.
Etcetera, Etcetera.
Having an "idea" in the context of scientific metrics is not the same as "knowing." And attempts to equate the two especially in language which qualifies the extent of knowledge, i.e. "don't know for sure," is purposefully misleading.
Since you refuse to provide links/data to support your claims, you're no longer capable of discussing this with me.Goodbye.
Then good night to you, sir.
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@MgtowDemon
You've, for some reason, left out the entirety of the study I provided which provided to prove my point. I'm going to copy-paste it so you have another chance to respond to it:"This study breaks down those broad generalised genetically distinct groups (African, European and East Asian) into smaller genetically distinct groups https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1180234/ . Notice how "African" is a distinct category amongst "European" and "Asian", which shows that we can have racial classifications that are not solely "African descent". Figure 4 shows a further breaking down of "African, European and East Asian", and even African has distinct racial groups within it."Now, using data-based arguments like this above, is it unreasonable to assume that 'Black' could easily be replaced with 'African', given that African Americans and Africans use the term to describe themselves? I didn't think so, and so becoming hung up on this semantic is unwise.As for the latter part of this comment, again, the research I provided showed that we can sub-divide people into other categories other than "African descent" (Asian and European), all the whilst retaining the category of "African descent". Hence, if we use the term Black/African, not everyone would have to be racially classified as of "African descent".
No, I disregarded it. But after perusing the study, I've come to the conclusion that you haven't read the entirety of your study, much less pay attention to the language used.
These objections all fall under the broad category of "I.Q. calculation is a soft science",
Very good.
I.Q. calculation is a soft science that relies on correlation instead causation -- I agree. It relies on correlation because, currently, science is not able to determine all the genes which generate the 'g' factor (which is intelligence).
So how do you justify asserting that I.Q. differentials are a "scientifically verifiable fact?"
Are we then to say that intelligence is a myth that doesn't exist?
Non sequitur. I never stated or insinuated that intelligence didn't exist.
Or, using the strong correlations which are produced in I.Q. calculations, could we determine that despite not knowing for sure (a casual link), we can say that I.Q. *probably* measures intelligence?
It's not that we don't know "for sure." We don't know. And once again, "probably measures" is not part of (hard) scientific lexicon.
Which of those seems more reasonable to you?
Seem is not an argument. Seem is your impression.
You did not, at any stage, cite your claim that "the relationship between I.Q. and overall "success" typically has a covariance of just 0.3." Using the terms "racism" and "racist" makes you look stupid (debateart.com) . Hence, it was an assertion.
Introduce yourself to the many meanings of the term, "cite," one of which includes "mentioning as a statement of fact," the context of my use. I don't have to provide you a link, nor will I.
Furthermore, it is not my responsibility to cite the claims you're making,
No one charged you with the responsibility of "citing my claims." I stated you were free to confirm at your own leisure.
asking me to "confirm" your uncited claims isn't reasonable.
Then don't. Once again, "at your own leisure."
Believe it or not, we are not living in the past, and hence we don't have primitive conceptions of intelligence (if that was even true, since you haven't cited anything you claimed, let alone this claim). It would be appreciated if you started to cite even the odd thing you say.
A conception no less, which by your description is malleable contingent on our "colloquial" understanding. So once again, what does that indicate about I.Q.'s attempted measure? And again, introduce yourself to the definitions of "cite."
You're incorrect because these studies did replicate the results with near unerring accuracy. This is what happens when you get hung up on word games about terms like "soft science": this science is conducted, the results show strong correlation which is replicated across all studies, and you no longer have a leg to stand on. Studies cited are re-posted below:
Assumptions and arbitrary "quantification" based on correlations aren't "replicable results."
The fact that you think a collection of studies, of which use the scientific method showing their methodologies, all amount to meaning "nothing", is ridiculous.
The scientific method is a set of principles, the subject of which doesn't fall under my criticism. I have no intention on reading material about assumptions based on impressions of abstracts which can't be quantified.
If you have an anti-science stance that prohibits you from engaging with scientific research, then you are not fit for debate.
I'm not the one pedaling "psychometrics."
These "authorities" have shown their workings.
Who is disputing this?
This is not a case wherein the studies are behind a paywall and I've said 'just believe me', or I blankly assert that 'the authorities agree with me on this'.
What does that matter?
You are able to verify the veracity of the claims made, analysing their methodologies and logical conclusions. That is what you should do.
No, I'm able to verify their conclusions. "Veracity" is different.
This is a word game that is actually meaningful and would give a lot of credence to your argument. Unfortunately, it misaligns with the data I've provided.I typed this into Google and found this definition: "drawing conclusions about individual-level behavior from aggregate-level data." If there is an issue with this, let me know.Anyway, if I were to cite research that had the methodology of 'people looked at other people and determined how smart they were.", this would precisely be the ecological inference that you refer to. However, there was an extra step involving an I.Q. tests, of which was then compared to these ecological inferences. *That* is the crucial step because now we can see if these "ecological inferences" have rhyme and reason backed by I.Q, and the answer is that they do. Hence, the studies I provided are not purely "ecological inferences", in fact they are testing to see if the ecological inferences have any merit. Thus, no fallacy was committed.
Ecological inferences never have merit because it is fundamentally based on a division fallacy.
Is correlation a completely worthless metric? You are arguing that it is. Do I need to explain why that isn't correct?
Only when argued cum hoc ergo propter hoc and misunderstood as a "scientifically verifiable fact."
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@MgtowDemon
This is incorrect. What you have committed is the continuum fallacy in that you've implied that because it's possible to place all races into a broad category of "African descent" (which is debatable anyway), then there are no phenotypical distinctions if we sub-divided into "race". This fallacy is best understood by the layman when it is compared to colours. Sure, red, blue, green, orange etc. can be broadly defined as "colours" (the human race), but that doesn't mean we are not able to divide them into smaller groups of shades of the same colour (races). Similar to how it makes no sense to say there are distinctions between colours therefore we can't divide them, the same logic can be applied to human races.
No such fallacy was imputed. You never read a statement on my part which stated race does not exist. I stated, "'Black' is not a race." If you're going to associate the term "Black" with those of "African descent," then everyone would be "Black."
Whether I.Q. is a psychometric
I.Q. is a pyschometric, which once again is an oxymoron. There's no "whether" about it.
whether it's a hard science or not,
It isn't a hard science; there's no "whether" about that either.
isn't particularly relevant.
Yes it is. You claim that differences in particular I.Q.'s are a "scientifically verifiable fact." Psychology is a soft science which doesn't conduct experiments with controls nor does it replicate its results. So what is it you're "scientifically verifying"? Assumptions based on, at best, ecological inferences.
There is no doubt that the science shows us I.Q. isn't a perfect measurement of intelligence, but that's besides the point.
It isn't a measure of intelligence. It's being "perfect" is besides the point.
The question then becomes how accurate is I.Q. is in determining that. Whilst you've failed to reference any scientific material, I've already written an OP on covering the correlation between "success" and I.Q. On the validity of I.Q. as a measurement of intelligence (debateart.com) . Depending on what you define as success (education level, job title, income level etc.), the correlate varies and isn't a static "0.3" as you've asserted without a shred of evidence.
No, I did not "assert"; I "cited." It's not a debate. Feel free to confirm at your leisure.
I.Q. correlates even better with what we colloquially define as intelligent.
And if you look into the history of I.Q. you'd discover that what was once colloquially defined as "intelligent" was physical strength. So what does that indicate about the attempted measures of the I.Q.? Does it "measure" intelligence, or reinforces the standards on which it is based (i.e. classroom discipline?)
Antecedents and consequences of peer‐rated intelligence - Denissen - 2011 - European Journal of Personality - Wiley Online Library Interpersonal Perceptions of Intelligence in Late Childhood and Early Adolescent Friendships: The Journal of Genetic Psychology: Vol 135, No 1 (tandfonline.com) PERCEIVED INTELLIGENCE IN MARRIED PARTNERS: Ingenta Connect (PDF) Self-Report Measures of Intelligence: Are They Useful as Proxy IQ Tests? (researchgate.net) Gender differences in self-estimated IQ: The need for care in interpreting group data - ScienceDirect
All of which mean nothing. You can throw as many links as you want. Unless you can demonstrate an understanding of I.Q. and that which it attempts to measure, then your links will only inform the assumptions of those who are no more "authorities" on the topic than you or I.
Clearly, despite there not being a perfect causal link
There has been no causal link demonstrated; perfect has nothing to do with it.
I.Q. most likely measures intelligence
In (hard) science, there's no such thing as "most likely measures." It either does or it doesn't.
Thus, what is more "reckless" is to ignore statistical probability.
Not a statistical probability; it's an ecological inference which itself imputes fallacious reasoning. It's very akin to the Poverty/Crime correlation.
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@Greyparrot
Agreed.
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@Greyparrot
In a meritocracy, skin color means nothing. Either you can do a task competently or you can not.No DNA testing required.
I'm not attempting to evaluate the morality of racism; I'm only attempting to quell the delusions about it. And as admirable as your statement is, Greyparrot, does it always apply?
Engage this thought experiment with me: if a heterosexual male encountered a "Hispanic" woman, and a so-called "Black" woman, and they both offered to have sex with him, would he be "wrong" to decline the so-called "Black" woman on the sole basis that she's "black"? What if past-experience dictates that she's a better "fuck" than the "Hispanic" woman?
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@MgtowDemon
The terms "racism" and "racist" are inherently inaccurate words, loaded with politically charged bias. The latter is self-evident whenever you call something/someone one of these terms. The former takes a bit more explaining.If someone said, "Blacks belong in slavery," most people will respond to that by saying it's racist. Fair enough. It expresses racial hatred. It deserves the politically charged terminology and social ostracization. I wouldn't criticize the usage of those terms ("racism" and "racist") there.
Stating "Blacks belong in slavery," is not racist because "Black" is not a race. Even if one uses it as a placeholder for "African descent," then believing the anthropologists would also have you believe that everyone is of African descent.
If someone said, "Blacks have lower I.Q's than Whites", some people will respond to that by saying it's racist. Now, unfortunately, this is a scientifically verifiable fact, and thus in responding with your hysterical, sloppy language, you're not only slandering the people making the claim, but you are engaging in anti-scientific behaviour. Whether a fact is "racist" or not is beside the point, and you're getting in the way of genuine scientific research with this nonsense term.
No, it is not a "scientifically verifiable fact." The Intelligence Quotient, i.e. I.Q., is a psychometric, which in itself is an oxymoron. Psychology isn't a hard science. That means that there are no controls, and the results aren't replicable. This is the reason that the relationship between I.Q. and overall "success" typically has a covariance of just 0.3. Not to mention, despite years of effort, a causal link between genetic inheritance and I.Q. has not been and will never be substantiated. The I.Q. is the psychologist's bar trick. It doesn't measure intelligence. At best, it gives some speculative gauge of classroom discipline. Trying to quantify intelligence is like trying quantify "dancing skills" or a person's "appearance." It's great for entertainment, but reckless when taken seriously.
Instead of using these stupid terms, when you hear things like "6 million was not enough" or "all Asians eat dogs alive", use the term "racial hatred". It's far more accurate, it doesn't screw up science and demographic observations, and, most importantly, you don't look like a bloody idiot.
Not necessarily. Chauvinism isn't necessarily informed by hatred. And yes, chauvinism would be the more apt term.
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@bmdrocks21
So, it has been seeming like any disparities among races are always just tossed up to "White Racism" or "Systemic Racism", and I was simply wondering, at what point do you consider minorities to be people who are responsible for their own actions?Are we assuming that all cultures and peoples are the same and that any disparity at all is because of racism? How much disparity in SAT scores and household wealth needs to be closed before you blame individuals for making bad choices like having kids out of wedlock?And how does this apply to disparities in which White people are lower in achievement? Asians from many cultures and countries have the highest IQ scores and earn much higher incomes than White people.Black women are 3x more likely to die during childbirth than White women, but Hispanics are 13% less likely to die than White people. Are White women making bad health decisions and Black women are suffering from this unspeakable racism on the part of White doctors, and it is of no fault of their own?Maybe telling people that all of their problems are because the White man is keeping people down is causing them to act irrationally. Maybe they don't try as hard to finish high school, because 'what is the point'? The evil White man will keep you from succeeding anyway.It seems to me that removing personal agency from people is only going to cause more harm than good. You can fight the occasional racism when you find it, but it by no means is rampant like lefties try to make it out to be.So lefties in particular, let me in on this: At what point do you blame people over a boogeyman?
The "boogeyman" as you put it has persisted this long because partisan dialogue often involve juxtapositions between corporate designations. "Black," "White," "Hispanic," and "Asian," etc. are no more than government assignments which bear no cultural or racial information. Furthermore, mainstream media as well as public education has been successful in inculcating minorities, especially so-called, "Blacks," with victim mentalities. When will this stop? When so-called minorities stop seeking reprieve and validation from their so-called "oppressors" and the so-called oppressors stop acting like guilt-ridden despots. Minorities are not the children of so-called Whites, and yet there's this odd paternalistic-infantilistic dynamic.
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@oromagi
I don't accept that well established sources of fake news must always be lent credence until disproved.
Except, 3RU7AL's scrutiny wasn't focused on your characterization of Dr. Shiva in and of itself. It was focused on your attempt to use your characterization to qualify the claim offered by Dr. Shiva, i.e. the ad hominem.
To my mind, that's the guy who forgives his girlfriend multiple infidelities in the hopes she may one day fall in love or the wife who forgives her husband's abuse for the sake of the marriage.
That analogy is not quite right. It would be like claiming that your girlfriend has lied to you about cheating before, therefore, she's must be lying about it now.
I don't care what Dr Ayyadurai has to say on any subject, he has demonstrated that his motivations are corrupt and self-serving.
And that is your prerogative. But that is not a valid counterargument to 3RU7AL's OP. Hence, he (and later I) called you out on the ad hominem.
If Dr. Ayyadurai is your only source of evidence, then I see little value in investigating further, as far as I'm concerned you have no evidence to back your claim.
This is an ad hominem. Qualifying information, arguments, or even evidence using traits of its source or author imputes the logically fallacious argumentum ad hominem.
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@oromagi
Because then you would be guilty of attacking the source and not addressing the information
I've no particular stake in the veracity of Dr. Shiva's claim nor am I concerned about your stake. And I'm not "attacking you." Read my statement. It strictly focuses on the information and the arguments. Contradicting the arguments is not akin to attacking the source. (And that's sort of the point.) You're conflating source with the argument. Furthermore, notice that I quoted two of 3RU7AL's statement where he responds to your extending the ad hominem. I typically quote that to which I'm directly referring. I was not referring to the entirety of your participation on this thread. That would've been my following comment.
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@oromagi
So be sure to address post #10 and post #14 where Dusty & I explained why Dr Ayyadurai's claims were bullshit
Why? What does that have to do with your ad hominem?
I did see your quote, and dustyryder's summary of Stand-up Maths video. Those in themselves are sufficient rebuttals to Dr. Ayyadurai's claim. That's all that's necessary. Yet you still sought to discredit Dr. Shiva's character and relate it to the submission of his claim before and after your reference. Why?
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@3RU7AL
This is a perfect example.The entire point of that story is to highlight exactly why it's so important to evaluate EACH INDIVIDUAL CLAIM ON ITS OWN MERIT.If you remember the parable, the villagers were eaten by the wolf at the end because they ignored valid warnings.
Well stated.
--> @oromagithe counterargument is not "3RU7AL is a liar and his argument therefore disproved"Let's take a look at your actual statement from [POST#7]the counterargument is "3RU7AL's claim lacks any credible evidence in support"Oh, really?Is that what you meant when you said,"I don't think its an ad hom to point out that Dr Ayyadurai is a famous conspiracy theorists whose false reports have previously led to major retractions of claims from the Washington Post and the Smithsonian Institute (Ayyadurai absurdly claims to have invented email while attending high school in 1979, 8 years after the first documented emails were transmitted) Ayyaduria went to MIT but that doesn't make his analysis an "MIT analysis" MIT does publish a well respected voter analysis 6-8 months after the vote. Hell, Michigan won't even publish an official vote count until Nov 23rd. Do we really think MIT is analyzing data that hasn't been published yet?"Hmmm, I can't find the part where you say anything at all about the claim itself.
Well stated again. There's a lot of attacking the source, not the information. Discrediting the source does not discredit the information. There's also a bit of appeals to incredulity being imputed in these responses here, i.e. "Do we really think MIT is analyzing data that hasn't been published yet?" That which we "really think" is irrelevant. Dr. Shiva and a small team of election investigators conducted an an analysis of all voting data in the State's four largest counties. The information of this analysis is either verifiable or not. It is either correct or it is not. Mentions of "conspiracy theorists" and previous reports do nothing more than distract from the aforementioned.
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@Theweakeredge
Than the progressivism I'm talking about isn't a political ideology, because I'm referring to the philosophy and applying it to politics, as far as I was aware that's how all political ideologies work, where is your authority to claim what is and isn't a political ideology, one of the words in it is literally ideology.
I'm not claiming to be an authority. I'm merely applying salient reasoning. But since you've been under the microscope, let me relieve you of some scrutiny and use myself as an example. Say that I believe:
- Parents aren't obligated to rearing their offspring,
- The minimum wage should be abolished,
- It's a woman's decision to continue or terminate her pregnancy.
What do all of these have in common? They all require an individual's labor. Under individualist philosophy, individual sovereignty is paramount. And as an extension, each individual has a right to disseminate or withhold their labor as they see fit. Now if I am to sustain this principle as an adherent, I must accept all of the aforementioned. Because to reject one of them, would be to reject the line of reasoning which informs the others. Now case in point:
- Progressives believe that abortions should be legal because "it's her body, her choice."
- Progressives believe in raising the age of consent [because it's their body, but not their choice.]
*Note: those under the age of consent can exercise their "right" to an abortion with judicial approval.
How does sustaining the aforestated reflect a consistent set of principles which inform the political ideology? Or is it as I considered earlier, and progressivism is nothing more than an itemized list of arbitrary and hypocritical requests?
I'm sorry I'm simply not in the mood to respond today, I'll create a more in-depth rebuttal a little later :)
Fair enough. Take your time.
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@Theweakeredge
Ah, you cut out an essential part of my response in order to make your rebuttal seem more fluid than it actually was, here is my entire response:I can be a net progressive and still not support specific tenents of progressivism, such as a Christian can not support everything in the bible and yet still believe in god. Same as them, I can value the overall goal of progressives without actually adopting any positions they bear.I believe the general goal of progressives should be to lead a country to positive progress, specifically in regard to the civil rights of people in general. Such as a woman's right to an abortion, such as a homosexual man's right to marriage, such as a transgender person's right to transition. Etc, etc..
What are the specific tenets of progressivism you don't support? Why don't you support them?
Except I think by use of context clues, you can easily tell I am referring to the Christina god, if not, regard this example instead: I can still be a theist and not believe the tenants of typical theism and still believe in a god.
The Christian God is the same as the Judaic God and Islamic God (They're all Abrahamic Religions.) And no, there's only one tenet of theism, and that's to believe in at least one god.
That should satisfy your need to nitpick.
There's no need to nitpick. Only a need to be accurate.
There is no arbitrary about it, I believe in the central goal of progressivism, but because of the ideology, people can disagree about what that best way there. As well as the fact that yes, I technically could determine how progressive I was, by measuring how towards the goal of progressivism my goals align.
You're conflating practice with philosophy. And no, your goals either align or they don't. And if they don't, you're not by description a "progressive." So if the general goal of progressivism is civil rights, then the reasoning which informs that goal must be consistent throughout. If there's a tenet of progressivism which sustains the same reasoning behind civil rights, but you for some reason deem it inconsistent with your goals, then you are being arbitrary. I suppose another consideration would be that progressivism isn't a consistent political position, and more of an itemized list of hypocritical requests.
I would disagree, that is one way you could say that they are made up,
No, that is the only way they're made up.
but this is a naive approach that is limiting unneedlessly.
Yes it is intended to limit, giving distinction between itself and other philosophies and/or particularizing its ends. There's nothing "naive" about understanding that.
As you were so quick to ignore, one could simply identify the goal of one's political ideology and measure yourself based on this.
What's the utility in "measuring"? You either adhere to the goal or you don't.
This is you assuming that there is only one way to define or measure a political ideology.
I don't assume there's only one way to define or measure a political ideology. First, as you can probably tell from above, I reject the utility of "measuring." And the definition is the definition--I don't assume it.
I am still a Christian if I believe in god/jesus but I also believe that we shouldn't stone gay people. I am still a Christian if I believe I shouldn't own slaves, etc, etc...
First the Bible doesn't state anywhere to "stone gay people," or prescribe "owning slaves." (It recommends stoning for pretty much everything else.) Yes, the Bible states that homosexuality is an abomination whose participants should be put to death, and that slavery ought to be regulated, but those aren't the principles taught by Jesus Christ which informs Christianity. Your analogy falls short. If you don't live by and sustain the principles and values taught by Jesus Christ, then you are not Christian.
Never did I say I disagreed with any of them, I was simply saying I may or may not reflect all of their opinions. Same answer as the last one, and as far as I am aware, yes.
With which tenets, principles, precepts, or opinions you may or may not reflect? Why don't you reflect them?
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@Theweakeredge
I am a progressive, ask me anything, now bear in mind that my views and opinions do not necessarily reflect the opinion or views of the majority of progressives.
You'd have to first outline the tenets and principles of progressivism.
I can be a net progressive and still not support specific tenents of progressivism, such as a Christian can not support everything in the bible and yet still believe in god.
Except the belief in God alone does not make one Christian (e.g. Judaists also believe in God.) And let me remind you that progressivism is a political philosophy, not an emotion. You don't get to arbitrarily determine how much of a progressive you are. That's the reason political hypocrites can't get away with calling themselves "moderates" or "centrists," or minarchists can't get away with calling themselves "Libertarian." Political philosophies like any philosophy are constituted by the entirety of their tenets and principles, not just "some." It is the line of reasoning that informs and substantiates the aforementioned principles. And if you sustain one, and reject the other, then you undermine the line of reasoning; hence, you undermine the principles.
Take me for example: I adhere to the philosophy of individualism. This necessitates that I also sustain anarchism/voluntaryism as a political philosophy and laissez-faire economics as an economic philosophy/approach. If I reject any one principle, then I'm rejecting the line of reasoning that informs all the others.
So here are my questions: (1) what are the principles, tenets, and/or precepts of progressivism with which you disagree? (2) why do you disagree with them? and, (3) does progressivism in your observation operate on a consistent line of reasoning?
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@TheUnderdog
I've changed my mind for some reason to being pro choice up until 20 weeks of pregnency. The reason for this is the vast majority of pro lifers don't adopt and there are many kids that are orphans that die due to hunger. This should be a meme:
First: why 20 weeks? Second: the vast majority of pro-lifers argue the better use of discretion before having sex, so that abortion and/or lack of adoption warrants less practice.
600,000 fetuses die due to abortion per year, most of which die by a painless way since they can't feel pain and everyone loses their minds.Over 10,000,000 children die to hunger per year, all of which die by a painful way and no one bats an eye.
Kill 600,000 to save 10,000,000? I don't believe the math operates that way.
If pro lifers wish to be consistent, they would save one of these kids from hunger. Instead, the most famous pro life organization, the Catholic church spends their money protecting priests who violated their vow of chastity by raping little boys. They need to fix their priorities.
Millions die from hunger all around the world. Do you donate your time and money to feeding them? Have you adopted as many children as you can financially support? And in your choice not to do so, are you responsible for their deaths?
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I'll just mention this before this thread disappears into the annals of subjects forgotten. For those of you who discredit the conduct captured on this video because it's "blurry," let me remind you that video doesn't work like it does on procedural shows. That means, when an image is zoomed, it doesn't increase in resolution. The relationship is typically inversed. But there is enough resolution to spot the movement and location of Joe Biden's hand, and the recoiling of the young girl.
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@Danielle
Then why don't I have a right to put my baby in a dumpster, especially if it's not immoral?
You're essentially asking me: "why don't I have a right to [eat chocolate ice cream]?" Because you don't have an exclusive claim to that action. Now as the proprietor of your person, and the owner of presumably a bowl of chocolate ice cream, you can consume the bowl of ice cream at your discretion because you own your person, and you own the bowl of ice cream. But you don't own the act. You neither possess nor claim it at the exclusion of others.
Taking a bath isn't immoral and I assume you'd agree I have the right to do that.
No, you don't have a right to take a bath. You have a right to your person. You are the owner of your bath. Placing one in the other would therefore not be immoral since your consent is implicit.
You said individualism leads us to the logical analyses of which rights we have. You said individualism posits an "inalienable right to live as one sees fit" which you've just repeated here. So why don't I have the right to put my baby in a dumpster if that is what I see fit?
Because you can never claim the acting of placing your baby in a dumpster at the exclusion of all others. Case in point: what if the father disputes this act? Whose alleged "right" do we honor then?
Why does that matter? You didn't say anything about my rights being contingent on or relative to another's rights, preferences or judgment.
All moral systems are contingent and/or relative. I'm speaking of individualism not isolation.
I was asking because people can identify as being of the same school of thought while holding contrary positions, so saying you are an "individualist" does not tell me which position you would take on issue X whereas deferring to someone I'm familiar with might. For instance, an anarchist like Mises is different than one like Proudhon. But I agree a proxy is not necessary. I'm not sure what you mean by moral system, but what does agreement have to do with it?
I don't present arguments from "schools of thought." I identify the principles and tenets of individualism in accordance to its description, formulate premises using said principles and tenets, and extend them to their logical conclusions. I then use those conclusions to determine its logical application. I don't parrot the rationalizations of others. And if I require a pithy statement in place of my own, then I'll quote (and I've quoted Mises before.) With that said, I must impress that you and I are the ones having this dialogue.
Do rights matter (have any meaningful real world application) if there is no consensus on what those rights are and/or no way to enforce them?
It suffices to say that there is no "meaningful real world application" if everyone who participates doesn't buy in. I won't offer a pretense which elides that fact. But let me ask, as far as the context of "enforcement" goes, how meaningful is enforcement when the enforcement itself undermines the right(s) it is intended to protect?
I'm not sure what you mean by moral system, but what does agreement have to do with it?
By moral system, I mean a framework of moral concepts. Essentially, one ought not be compelled to subscribe to any one.
Not all of them.
Not all of them. This is typically a matter of time.
Yet.
That's speculative.
What does moral agency have to do with rights?
Everything. The exercise of rights and moral agency go hand in hand. How can rights, which I described earlier as moral concepts, derive from an analysis of the human condition without moral agents? On whom or what would the analysis focus?
Are you suggesting that you only have rights if you're capable of understanding another's rights?
Not necessarily.
Does a 1 month old not have rights then?
Yes, they don't. Feel free to place him/her in a dumpster. Any rights concerning infants unfortunately for them extends the discretion of their parents. Of course, in this hegemonic state, the rights of infants are merely extensions of State authority. In essence, they're property of the State.
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@Conway
I would sooner come to his defense than imply such an accusation toward the man whom the deck is stacked against.
I don't understand the reference (i.e. the man whom the deck is stacked against...) Do you mind my asking who that is?
I simply haven't watched the footage and have no reason to.
Then you do your participation in this thread a disservice. If you find his sexual predilections irrelevant to his capacity as the executive of this centralized government, then that's fair. (I too find sexual predilection irrelevant as far as carrying out tasks of a certain job.) But this thread is not focused on Joe Biden and his capacity as "president." This thread is a shallow jab at so called "liberals" and the moral inconsistency of their political position.
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@Vader
Believe me, I need little convincing that so called "liberals" are inconsistent with their proposed platforms. Though to be fair, all politicians are.
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@Greyparrot
The little girl was obviously asking for it.
I mean--obviously! Did you see that provocative number she had on? If I were Old Joe, I wouldn't be able to resist either.
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@Conway
Everyone knows he is inappropriate around women and weird around children.
"Inappropriate"? That's one way to describe it.
It's weird that someone is probably getting paid for that headline.
Most headlines which generate commerce for the mainstream media are often bemusing.
I don't see much point in watching this.
To each his own, I suppose.
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@oromagi
Nope- the thumb and index finger don't come together.
Seriously oromagi? A pinch does not require a thumb and index finger to come together. (They usually don't since the object being pinched is between them.) Furthermore, he's clearly doing it while the dorsal aspect of his hand is showing, and you can see his "thumb and index finger" diverge as soon as the young girl recoils.
Look like you're going have to make that image even blurrier before FOX will run it as news.
Yes 480p is very blurry. C-SPAN, which televised the event--the Swearing-in ceremony that is--hosts it on their site at 576p. Start at 1:21:15.
Or maybe get the guys who doctored up the photo the last time Republicans tried this one.
I'm not concerned with doctored photos or Republican attempts to "try this one again." I have eyes and presumably so do you.
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You can see the young girl recoil right after he does it. The video shows it several times at varying close-ups and speeds. And believe me, she wasn't his only target that evening. Yet another demonstration on how farcical the endorsement of politicians are, and the inconsistent moral economy the government allegedly represents. I mean, the mainstream media would rather cover Trump's "twitter fingers" than Biden's "toddler fingers."
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